Sodium-independent Cl movement (i.e., Cl-anion exchange) has not previously been identified in the basolateral membranes of rat colonic epithelial cells. The present study demonstrates Cl-HCO3 exchange as the mechanism for 36Cl uptake in basolateral membrane vesicles (BLMV) prepared in the presence of a protease inhibitor cocktail from rat distal colon. Studies of 36Cl uptake performed with BLM...

This paper investigates not fully explained voltage offsets observed by several researchers during the measurement of the Seebeck coefficient of high Z materials. These offsets, traditionally attributed to faulty laboratory procedures, have proven to have an irreducible component that cannot be fully eliminated in spite of careful laboratory procedures. In fact, these offsets are commonly obser...

Gradients of the fast transient outward K+ current (Ito,f) contribute to heterogeneity of ventricular repolarization in a number of species. Cardiac Ito,f levels and gradients change notably with heart disease. Human cardiac Ito,f appears to be encoded by the Kv4.3 pore-forming α-subunit plus the auxiliary KChIP2 β-subunit while mouse cardiac Ito,f requires Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 α-subunits plus KChIP...

The probability of mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) pore opening is inversely related to the magnitude of the proton electrochemical gradient. The module conferring sensitivity of the pore to this gradient has not been identified. We investigated mPT's voltage-sensing properties elicited by calcimycin or H2O2 in human fibroblasts exhibiting partial or complete lack of ANT1 and in C2C...

The Stark deceleration of OH radicals in both low-field-seeking and high-field-seeking levels of the rovibronic Π3/2, v = 0, J = 3/2 ground state is demonstrated using a single experimental setup. Applying alternating-gradient focusing, OH radicals in their low-field-seeking Π3/2, v = 0, J = 3/2, f state have been decelerated from 345 m/s to 239 m/s, removing 50 % of the kinetic energy using on...

A novel gradient-type magnetoelectric (ME) current sensor operating in magnetic field gradient (MFG) detection and conversion mode is developed based on a pair of ME composites that have a back-to-back capacitor configuration under a baseline separation and a magnetic biasing in an electrically-shielded and mechanically-enclosed housing. The physics behind the current sensing process is the pro...

Department of Physics of Molecular Imaging Systems, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany Silicon based photon detectors make it nowadays possible to build highly integrated PET detectors for simultaneous PET/MRI. Although the operating principle of silicon photomultipliers is believed to be insensitive to the strong magnetic fields inside MRI mac...

The search for the molecular defect causing cystic fibrosis (CF) has taken many routes. In 1968, Schulz and Frömter suggested that in sweat gland ducts from CF patients "chloride permeability is decreased and sodium leak permeability is increased". The observation that the activity of the amiloride-sensitive, epithelial sodium (Na +) channel (ENaC) is increased in the airways of CF patients is ...

Designing high-throughput screens for voltage-gated ion channels has been a tremendous challenge for the pharmaceutical industry because channel activity is dependent on the transmembrane voltage gradient, a stimulus unlike ligand binding to G-protein-coupled receptors or ligand-gated ion channels. To achieve an acceptable throughput, assays to screen for voltage-gated ion channel modulators th...

We report measurements of the resistance and the current-voltage characteristics of aluminum thin films which have two regions of different superconducting transition temperatures. Local suppression of the transition temperature is achieved by the use of a CF4 reactive ion-etching technique. A small gradient in the transition temperature is induced around the lithographically defined etched-une...