This master thesis describes the design of a reference voltage stabilizer in a 180 nm CMOS process technology. A voltage reference is an analog circuit block that generates a voltage of known magnitude with little dependence on supply or process variations and with a well defined dependence on temperature. The supply variations can be caused by numerous internal and external sources and over a ...

in SI units, where ρ is the electric charge density, c is the speed of light in the medium between r and r′ (assumed in this note to be vacuum), R = |r− r′|, and 0 is the permittivity of the vacuum. This convention follows Stratton [7], p. 352. A prominent application of the notion of voltage is in circuit analysis, where prescriptions exist for the “voltage drop” across various circuit element...

natural dye extract of walnut shell, was extracted using an ultrasonic processor and purified by hot saponification method, has been studied as a novel sensitizing dye to fabricate tio2 nanoparticles based dye sensitized solar cells (dssc). the extract was characterized using uv–vis absorption spectroscopy and fourier transform infrared (ftir) employed to identify the anchoring groups in walnut...

Identification of fault current during the operation of a power semiconductor switch and activation of suitable remedial actions are important for reliable operation of power converters. A short circuit is a basic and severe fault situation in a circuit structure, such as voltage-source converters. This paper presents a new active protection circuit for fast and precise clamping and safe shutdo...

The solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are facing serious problems due to unavoidable losses in their system, leads to more devation of output power from the input power level. This effect is known as a mismatch effect and is available in PV systems. Many losses are encountered in PV system and it is difficult to minimize such losses. In this paper, the influence of thermal effect on the solar PV ...

A low voltage switched-capacitor circuit that generates an almost constant reference current across process, voltage and temperature (PVT) is proposed. The reference voltage is generated by a low voltage band-gap circuit. The output reference current is obtained by applying the generated reference voltage to a low voltage V – I converter. The resistor in the proposed V – I converter is further ...

Charge pumps are circuits that can pump charge upwards to produce voltages higher than the regular supply voltage. Novel MOS charges pump utilizing Voltage Doubler for producing clock which is double the magnitude that of input voltage supply. In this proposed paper by using Voltage Doubler as clock scheme the clocks produced in voltage form are amplified increasing the potential at every node ...

This paper presents a new structure of a bandgap circuit which can be programmed to get any desired output voltage. Unlike conventional bandgap circuits, the proposed bandgap circuit uses MOS transistors operating in subthreshold region instead of bipolar transistors to generate PTAT and IPTAT currents. Use of the current conveyor makes the circuit capable of being operated at lower supply volt...

A high power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) bandgap voltage reference (BGR) which is used in the signal processing circuit of energy harvesters is presented in this paper. The PSRR of the BGR is improved by adding a pre-regulating circuit and a low pass filter. The pre-regulating circuit mainly improves the BGR PSRR at low frequency and the low pass filter mainly improves the BGR PSRR at high fr...