The pharmaceutical industry is accountable on the one hand to its shareholders and on the other to the community at large. These two obligations can, in principle, be met. However, the industry has developed practices that do not consider society, including excessive or inappropriate pricing of drugs, an indifference to the needs and limitations of the developing world, an imbalance between tru...

PLOS and the PLOS Biology team would like to express our sincere gratitude to everyone who lent us their expertise as an academic editor, as a guest editor or as a peer reviewer in 2016. We are fully dependent on the voluntary efforts of these experts to publish the journal for the academic community. Over the past year, PLOS Biology relied on 286 academic and guest editors to manage the more t...

Kaneyama Town pioneered the success of landscape town planning only with voluntary ordinance. We surveyed actual condition waterway network in Town. In addition, we grasped process development. As a result, consisted two water systems. There were “Irimizu” some places. The waterways open ditch because it was used for snow flow. It able to confirm consciousness residents that don’t pollute downs...

Economic growth and poverty reduction require for a country to establish efficient rules for economic and political transactions. Poor countries suffer from inadequate, inefficient transaction rules. Formal rules (e.g., laws, policies) must be nested in hospitable behavioural norms and values. Cultural collectivism in many of these countries and consequent group-oriented values, factionalism, a...

PLOS and the PLOS ONE team would like to express our sincere gratitude to all of you who lent us your valuable time and expertise as an academic editor, as a guest editor, or as a peer reviewer in 2016. We are fully dependent on your voluntary efforts to publish PLOS ONE for the larger academic community, and we could not carry forward our mission without you. In 2016, PLOS ONE depended upon ov...

Résumé Summary En ce qui concerne le traitement et la gestion de la souffrance profonde à la fin de la vie, cet article soutient que la priorité ne devrait pas être la légalisation de l’aide médicale au suicide ou celle de l'euthanasie active et volontaire là où ces pratiques ne sont pas actuellement disponibles. Plutôt, les professionnels de la santé et la société devraient faire des efforts c...

0102 There has been a recent and dramatic rise in global funding for HIV/AIDS, from US$2.1 billion in 2001 to US$6.1 billion in 2004 [1], thanks to several new funding mechanisms (Box 1). These funds, coupled with reduced drug costs, make it feasible to roll out antiretroviral therapy (ART) even in resource-poor settings. Nevertheless, the total number of people living with HIV rose in 2004 to ...

During the coming years, digital data storage technologies will continue an aggressive growth to satisfy the user's need for higher storage capacities, higher data transfer rates and long-term archival media properties. Digital optical tape is a promising technology to satisfy these user's needs. As any emerging data storage technology, the industry faces many technological and standardization ...

PLOS and the PLOS Medicine team would like to express our sincere gratitude to everyone who lent us their expertise as an academic editor, as a guest editor or as a peer reviewer in 2016. We are fully dependent on the voluntary efforts of these experts to publish the journal for the academic community and the wider readership concerned with human health. Over the past year, PLOS Medicine relied...

This study was designed: (1) to test the reliability of surface electromyography (sEMG) recording of the diaphragm and external intercostals contractions response to cervical magnetic stimulation (CMS), (2) to examine the amount and the types of inspiratory muscle fatigue that developed after maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) maneuvers.Ten male college students without physical disability (22...