We employ vortex grinding to generate a [2.2]paracyclophane in the organic solid state. The vortex grinding is aided with the addition of a small amount of liquid phase to facilitate topochemical [2 + 2] photodimerizations that generate the cyclophane stereoselectively and in up to quantitative yield. The use of the liquid phase increases the scope of the vortex method.

The radial propagation of blobs generated from plasma instabilities is investigated in an open magnetic field line configuration. Blob cross-field velocities and sizes are obtained from internal probe measurements using pattern recognition. By varying the ion mass, the normalized vertical blob scale a[over] is scanned from a[over] < 1 to a[over] > 1. An analytical expression for the blob veloci...

Herschel images in six photometric bands show the thermal emission of the debris disk surrounding β Pic. In the three PACS bands at 70 μm, 100 μm and 160 μm and in the 250 μm SPIRE band, the disk is well-resolved, and additional photometry is available in the SPIRE bands at 350 μm and 500 μm, where the disk is only marginally resolved. The SPIRE maps reveal a blob to the southwest of β Pic, coi...

Vannamei shrimp is a species of that has high economic value. In the process trading vaname shrimp, there are different price classes. Determination class based on size shrimp. But in post-harvest process, sorting still done manually, namely by placing white flat table and then separating it so takes long time level accuracy also becomes imprecise, as cultivating coastal area ​​Madura, this due...

In today's CFD-assisted turbomachinery design, a primary objective is to minimize the effects of vortices. Their automatic identification, along with other flow structures, in numerical data is a current research topic. This paper presents a novel method to find vortex hulls in turbomachinery flows automatically. Based on a vortex core line that is the centerline of the vortex, the method is ab...

The Optical Vortex Interferometer (OVI) is described in earlier paper as usefully tool to generate regular lattice of optical vortices (OVs) by interference of three plane wave. To practically use OVI in metrology method to localization of vortex points (VPs) is necessary. In this paper method with phase shift technique to VPs localisation is presented. Phase shift technique in this method is a...

An approximation method of Moore for Kelvin-Helmholtz instability is formulated as a general method for two-dimensional, incompressible, inviscid flows generated by a vortex sheet. In this method the nonlocal equations describing evolution of the sheet are approximated by a system of (local) differential equations. These equations are useful for predicting singularity formation on the sheet and...

We propose a closed-loop control algorithm for vortex shedding in a separated diffuser. We introduce pulses of zero-net-mass injection (consecutive blowing and suction) together with an inverse vortex imaging method. This method estimates the circulation of a vortex in the separated region based on pressure at a limited number of observer points at the wall. The closed-loop algorithm determines...

Using the method of matched asymptotic expansion we construct the mobifity relation describing the vortex dynamics in the conservative Ginzburg-Landau equation with a spatially varying supercriticality parameter. For a particular case of a circularly symmetric supercriticality profile, we present the equations of vortex dynamics in a Hamiltonian form, and demonstrate the dynamic confinement of ...