Nasal potential difference (NPD) quantifies abnormal ion transport in cystic fibrosis. It has gained acceptance as an outcome measure for the investigation of new therapies. To quantify the effect of solution temperature on NPD, we first examined the effect of switching from room temperature (20-25°C) to warmed (32-37°C) solutions and vice versa during each perfusion step. Secondly, standard pr...

In patients with traumatic injury of an upper limb it is often necessary to both secure intravenous (IV) access and record blood pressure noninvasively in the other upper limb. This may cause intermittent obstruction to the flow of IV fluids during cuff inflation. Also backflow of blood into the IV tubing when the cuff is inflated and the temporary stasis which occurs predisposes to clotting of...

Objective: Unusual or unexpected effect of treatment Background: Rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome characterized by skeletal muscle breakdown, that involves the release of intracellular contents into the circulation, including creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin, electrolytes, organic acids, and purines. Causes of rhabdomyolysis include trauma, exertion, drugs, and toxins (including alcohol), and electr...

Oral rehydration treatment has prevented the deaths of millions of infants in the developing world. During the cholera outbreak of 1832 in Britain, 3 important advances in fluid therapy transiently emerged: intravenous fluid therapy, oral salt and water treatment, and chemical analysis of body fluids. William Stevens provided uncontrolled evidence that fluids and salt could prevent death, and W...

Background Recent researches reveal that manual puncturing of the trophectoderm of blastocyst before vitrification, increase the quality of embryo. However, in any of these studies, the importance of blastocoelic fluid and its impact on the formation of three cell lines is not mentioned. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of blastocoelic fluid reduction before vitrification on survival...

Changes in mean body temperature and muscle protein metabolism were studied in elderly patients undergoing large bowel surgery. Two groups were studied: in one, efforts were made to maintain the patients normothermic during and after surgery by warming the fresh gases, the i.v. fluids, by placing warmed cotton padding around the exposed parts of the body and by covering the patients with a meta...

Extravasation of intravenous fluids is a major cause of morbidity in pediatric population. Age is a risk factor for extravasation possibly due to need for smaller catheters and inability to communicate pain as an early warning sign. The prevalence of extravasation injuries resulting in skin necrosis recorded as 38 per 1000 neonates (1). Several factors play role in extravasation injuries includ...

The rapid deformation of liquid and solid materials usually results in temperature changes. This rapid deformation is considered to be a nearly adiabatic process where the heat generated during the deformation changes the temperature of the material. Early experiments showed that metals cooled down on sudden stretching and warmed up upon compression [1]. In 1805, Gough [2] observed that the tem...

conclusions in critically ill patients, the symptoms of hypophosphatemia may not be apparent, but clinicians should be vigilant about this complication during therapy. in cases of severe symptoms (e.g., cardiopulmonary distress, anemia and thrombocytopenia, or rhabdomyolysis), phosphate therapy under close surveillance is warranted. introduction although asymptomatic hypophosphatemia is a commo...

Mass-spectrometric interface for the measurement of anaesthetic agent concentration in biological fluids (blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid) is described. Sampling of biological fluids was performed during balanced inhalational (desflurane, fentanyl) anaesthesia and total intravenous (propofol, fentanyl) anaesthesia. The described method for drug concentration measurement in biologic fluids ...