Wastewater reuse has become an important part of the urban water supply portfolio in water stressed regions. Effective wastewater treatment processes are critical to protect public health during water reuse practices. However, the microbial removal efficiencies in wastewater reclamation plants are not routinely monitored due to the lack of a simple quantification method. This study applied a ne...

Water systems often allow efficient water uses via water reuse and/or recirculation. Defining the network layout connecting water-using processes is a complex problem which involves several criteria to optimize, frequently accomplished using Water Pinch technology, optimizing freshwater flowrates entering the system. In this paper, a multiobjective optimization model considering two criteria is...

Background & Aims of the Study: The use of urban wastewater in agriculture is receiving renewed attention with the increasing scarcity of freshwater resources in many arid and semiarid areas, despite its associated health and environmental risks. Long term wastewater usage for irrigation results in accumulation of heavy metal in soils and plants. So, due to the environmental and health risks as...

The relevance of endocrine-disrupting compounds as potential contaminants of drinking water is reviewed, particularly in the reuse of wastewater. Growing populations and increasing intensification of land and water use for industry and agriculture have increased the need to reclaim wastewater for reuse, including to supplement the drinking water supply. The variety of anthropogenic chemicals th...

The main objective of this study is to evaluate and predict the performance of slow sand filters used for wastewater treatment. The uncertainties in the control parameters and processes require fuzzy sets to be used when modelling system performance. Fuzzy logic if–then rules were used to build a model for the removal efficiency (total coliforms) of slow sand filters. The data were collected fr...