Earth's water is conventionally believed to be delivered by comets or wet asteroids after the Earth formed. However, their elemental and isotopic properties are inconsistent with those of the Earth. It was thus proposed that water was introduced by adsorption onto grains in the accretion disc prior to planetary growth, with bonding energies so high as to be stable under high-temperature conditi...

this investigation was conducted to survey the growth and survival rate, weight average, fcr, and harvestable white leg shrimp biomass during 107 days culture in mono and poly culture earth pond system with mullet fish. nine 600 m2 earth ponds  were prepared and stocked with 20 shrimp post larvae in each pond (mean weight 0.007 ±0.001 g) for three treatments (each with three replication). after...

the present article, following an archetypical criticism, studies the symbolic aspect of the four elements-fire, water, earth, air- and their manifestations in ferdowsi’s shāhnāmeh. the embodiment of the essential opposition and the ultimate unification of the opposing elements is the result of the environmental subjects trying to overcome the nature. in this process, the emotional elements fin...

BACKGROUND Luminescent rare-earth-based nanoparticles have been increasingly used in nanomedicine due to their excellent physicochemical properties, such as biomedical imaging agents, drug carriers, and biomarkers. However, biological safety of the rare-earth-based nanomedicine is of great significance for future development in practical applications. In particular, biological effects of rare-e...

We conducted an integrated geomechanics case study of the Woodford shale to understand the effectiveness of multi-stage hydraulic fracturing. The study involves two parallel horizontal wells, each about 5,000 feet long with ~15 frac stages. Analysis of Instantaneous Shut-In Pressure (ISIP) of each frac stage indicates significant variations of the minimum horizontal principal stress (Shmin) mag...

scientists call pasture a natural eco-system and range is an agricultural eco-system. in this point of view although pasture that was full of plants growing by itself and not growing by human being (pirdashti, 2007; mohgadam, 2005) and two groups of living beings such as human being, plants, domesticated, and not living being like weather, wind, gradient which are effective in making of pasture...

things. There was no flora, no fauna; the Earth was completely barren of life. Instead of having an atmosphere rich in nitrogen and oxygen as it is today, the atmosphere on primitive Earth was composed primarily of methane, ammonia, hydrogen gas and water vapor. The lack of a protective ozone layer resulted inhigh exposure to UV light and radiation. Earth was also extremely volcanically active ...

Given the enormous number of stars in the universe and the number of confirmed and postulated planets in our galaxy, it is generally agreed that our home planet Earth is not likely to be unique (e.g., Sagan, 1980; Bignami et al., 2005; Hawking and Mlodinow, 2010). But is it? Although the number of known extrasolar planets grows almost by the day, observational bias caused by the technological c...