Little is publicly known about the efficiency and economics of heavy water production at the Department of Atomic Energy’s facilities. We estimate the cost of producing heavy water at the Manuguru plant by analysing the available budget figures and assuming reasonable values for other factors that affect the cost and whose values are not publicly available. Our results suggest that the producti...

Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) spectra provide detailed characterization of the infrared component of the surface radiation budget (Ellingson et al. 1995), support spectroscopic (Clough et al. 1989; Revercomb et al. 1995) and cloud (Smith et al. 1992; Collard et al. 1995) radiative modeling studies for improving radiative transfer calculations, and are the basis for high tim...

Streamflow in the Himalayan rivers is generated from rainfall, snow and ice. The distribution of runoff produced from these sources is such that the streamflow may be observed in these rivers throughout the year, i.e. they are perennial in nature. Snow and glacier melt runoff contributes substantially to the annual flows of these rivers and its estimation is required for the planning, developme...

In this paper, a basic theoretical model of residential water consumption that adequately represents consumer behavior when facing a nonlinear budget constraint is developed. The theoretical model for an individual consumer is adapted to yield an aggregate model that essentially preserves the structure of the demand function for the individual. The model is used to study the influence of prices...

Full-depth measurements of δ(18)O from 2008 to 2010 enclosing the Weddell Gyre in the Southern Ocean are used to investigate the regional freshwater budget. Using complementary salinity, nutrients and oxygen data, a four-component mass balance was applied to quantify the relative contributions of meteoric water (precipitation/glacial input), sea-ice melt and saline (oceanic) sources. Combinatio...

Establishing satisfactory calculation methods of lake evaporation has been crucial for research and management of water resources and ecosystems. A 30 year dataset from Dickie Lake, south-central Ontario, Canada added to the limited long-term studies on lake evaporation. Evaporation during ice-free season was calculated separately using seven evaporation methods, based on field meteorology, hyd...

Methane (CH4) is only a trace constituent of the atmosphere but an important greenhouse gas. Although groundwater is unlikely to be a major source of atmospheric CH4, its contribution to the CH4 budget of the UK has up to now been poorly characterised. Groundwater CH4 concentrations have been measured on 85 samples from water-supply boreholes and a further eight from other miscellaneous water s...