OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of labouring in water during first stage of labour on rates of epidural analgesia and operative delivery in nulliparous women with dystocia. DESIGN Randomised controlled trial. SETTING University teaching hospital in southern England. PARTICIPANTS 99 nulliparous women with dystocia (cervical dilation rate < 1 cm/hour in active labour) at low risk of compl...

BACKGROUND To evaluate the association between water aerobics, maternal cardiovascular capacity during pregnancy, labor and neonatal outcomes. METHODS A randomized, controlled clinical trial was carried out in which 34 pregnant women were allocated to a water aerobics group and 37 to a control group. All women were submitted to submaximal ergometric tests on a treadmill at 19, 25 and 35 weeks...

Self nano emulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDs) gained much attention in the last decades since, such considered one of most favorable and efficient approaches to enhance solubility, increase absorption hence, its oral bioavailability poorly water soluble (lipophilic) moieties. Owing their unique properties advantages over other conventional dosage forms, many literatures investigate chang...

In Nogales, Sonora, Mexico, some neighborhoods, or colonias, have intermittent delivery of water through pipes from the city of Nogales's municipal water-delivery system while other areas lack piped water and rely on water delivered by truck or pipas. This research examined how lifestyles, water quality, and potential disease response, such as diarrhea, differs seasonally from a colonia with ac...

Low oral bioavailability as a consequence of low water solubility of drugs is a growing challenge to the development of new pharmaceutical products. One of the most popular approaches of oral bioavailability and solubility enhancement is the utilization of lipid-based drug delivery systems. Their use in product development is growing due to the versatility of pharmaceutical lipid excipients and...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Although flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) is an established diagnostic tool, little data exist on the effects of varying liquid types on the swallowing outcomes in healthy older adults. STUDY DESIGN Prospective. METHODS Seventy-six healthy older adult volunteers participated (i.e., 18, 28, and 30 volunteers in the 7th, 8th, and 9th decades of life, r...

In an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study in humans it was shown, first, that water produces activations in cortical taste areas (in particular the frontal operculum/anterior insula which is the primate primary taste cortex, and the caudal orbitofrontal/secondary taste cortex) comparable to those produced by the prototypical tastants salt and glucose. Second, the ac...

Considerable research efforts have been directed in recent years towards the development of porous carriers as controlled drug delivery matrices because of possessing several features such as stable uniform porous structure, high surface area, tunable pore size and well-defined surface properties. Owing to wide range of useful properties porous carriers have been used in pharmaceuticals for man...

A multiparticulate chitosan-dispersed system (CDS), which is composed of the drug reservoir and the drug release-regulating layer, was developed for drug delivery. The drug release-regulating layer is a mixture of water-insoluble polymer and chitosan powder. The drug is released from CDS pellets in all regions of the gastrointestinal tract (from the stomach to the colon). CDS pellets containing...

recently, the existing mechanism of the market has been considered as an efficient method for allocating water resources in some developed and developing countries. the necessary conditions to establish an efficient water market and its economic consequents must be recognized before using this method in iran. the purpose of this study is to investigate the economic consequences and present prac...