Water is a basic part of our daily lives, as such effective water supply paramount importance. Thus, result the rise in population size and shortage there need for proper, suitable optimal utilization resources to efficiently be distributed among populace. The proper allocation distribution field network planning modelled through mathematical parameters objective system. This approach requires ...

This study identified the causes of insufficient emergency interconnected operation (EIO) performance, such as pressure-related problems and connection caused by elevation differences between blocks, characteristics locations interconnection pipes (EIPs), pumps. Then, it tested four strategies to improve EIO including increasing EIP diameter or installing additional EIPs, pressure reducing valv...

This paper presents optimal transient design as a two-step optimization problem - identification and mitigation of the worst-case in water distribution system. In first step, particle swarm was used to identify set critical nodes that result loading condition. second dual-objective determine pipe sizes simultaneously minimize cost likelihood damaging events, measured by parameter named surge da...

The deposition of manganese in a water distribution system with manganese-related "dirty water" problems was studied over a 1-year period. Four monitoring laboratories with Robbins biofilm sampling devices fitted to the water mains were used to correlate the relationship among manganese deposition, the level of manganese in the water, and the chlorination conditions. Manganese deposition occurr...