a methodology is presented in this paper to find optimal location and dosage of chlorine injection in water distribution networks. the objective is to minimize the chlorine consumption while keeping the residual chlorine at each node within the standard range. unfortunately because of wrong water quality management in water distribution networks in many parts of the world, many problems such...

 Background: Although experiments on water quality are time consuming and expensive, models are often employed as supplement to simulate water quality. Artificial neural network (ANN) is an efficient tool in hydrologic studies, yet it cannot predetermine its results in the forms of maps and geo-referenced data. Methods: In this study, ANN was applied to simulate groundwater quality ...

The Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) is the primary conservation program on working agricultural land. United States Department of Agriculture obligated over $15 billion through EQIP cost-sharing contracts during fiscal years 2009–2019. voluntary nature and lack performance assessment have led to speculations regarding effectiveness in delivering environmental benefits, particula...

The interbasin water transfer project is an alternative to balance the nonuniform temporal and spatial distribution of water resources and water demands, especially in arid and semi arid regions. A water transfer project can be executed if it is environmentally and economically justified. In this study, the feasibility of two interbasin water transfer projects from Karoon River in the western p...

the development of a surface water evaluation index is a critical factor in the assessment, restoration and protection of stream water quality. quantifying water pollution in specific grade using dominant parameters is important, as this can explain the current state of water pollution with accuracy. as a result, an integrated multi-parameter water quality index has been developed. it is based ...

A framework for sensitivity and error analysis in mathematical modeling is described and demonstrated. The lake Eutrophication Analysis Procedure (LEAP) consists of a series of linked models which predict lake water quality conditions as a function of watershed land use, hydrologic variables, and morphometric variables. Specification of input variables as distributions (means and standard error...

Abstract The rivers rejuvenate themselves by traveling over a distance, thereby they assimilate the pollution load and cause their own self-cleansing, also termed ‘Self-purification capacity’. To ascertain such assimilative capacity of river system, various water quality models (WQMs) were studied. Out numerous WQMs, six including QUAL2Kw, WASP, SWAT, SIMCAT, MIKE-11, CE-QUAL-W2 selected studie...

We describe encodings for merging multiple coreference annotations into a single annotation, subject to hard constraints (consistency) and optimization criteria (minimal divergence from annotators) using Answer Set Programming (ASP). This task requires guessing an equivalence relation with a large number of elements. We report on experiments with real-world instances based on the METU-Sabanci T...