It is well established that bicarbonate stimulates electron transfer between the primary and secondary electron acceptors, Q(A) and Q(B), in formate-inhibited photosystem II; the non-heme Fe between Q(A) and Q(B) plays an essential role in the bicarbonate binding. Strong evidence of a bicarbonate requirement for the water-oxidizing complex (WOC), both O2 evolving and assembling from apo-WOC and...

This study examined the availability of free drinking water during lunchtime in US public schools, as required by federal legislation beginning in the 2011-2012 school year. Data were collected by mail-back surveys in nationally representative samples of US public elementary, middle, and high schools from 2009-2010 to 2011-2012. Overall, 86.4%, 87.4%, and 89.4% of students attended elementary, ...

Maintenance of constant cellular ion concentrations is a basic requirement of all life forms. The strategy evolved by teleost fish to achieve this requirement is by maintaining nearly constant levels of extracellular ions at approximately one-third the ionic strength of seawater (SW). In freshwater (FW), teleosts must counteract the passive loss of ions and gain of water by actively taking up i...

Water scarcity and water quality degradation are exacerbated by climate change in all countries, including Pakistan. The use of agriculture is one the most predominant resources, so reducing consumption improving resource management utmost importance. In past few decades, excessive irrigation has led to severe reduced quality. This study determined requirements for cotton, rice, wheat, using CR...

drought stress is one of the important environmental factors reducing grain yield of plants in arid and semiarid regions. study the effect of water deficit stress on yield, water use efficiency and harvest index of sesame varieties, this experiment was conducted as a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications, at agriculture and natural resources research cen...

, present study was performed in order to determine effects of different amounts of irrigation water, plant density and planting pattern on yield, yield components and water use efficiency (wue) of corn, variety single cross 700 (700ksc) using drip irrigation systems (tape) , in the research station of islamabadgharb in two consecutive years (2011-2012). the project was in the form of split blo...

water scarcity in arid and semi-arid climate of iran has made deficit irrigation as a strategy for optimal water use and conservation in agricultural sector. this study aimed at evaluating the effects of water-deficit stress and n fertilizer levels on sugar beet performance. the study was conducted in split block design based on randomized complete block design arrangement. the row factor consi...