Sir,?There is an impression amongst the visitors to Parjeeling that the water supplies contain mica, and is sometimes suggested that mica in the drinking Water causes irritation of the intestinal mucosa, with resultant diarrhoea. The water supply of Darjeeling is obtained from a number of perennial springs on the western slope of the Senchal range. The springs connect with a closed concrete con...

Surface water and sediment on and near the Hanford Site are monitored to determine the potential impacts of Hanford-originated radiological and chemical contaminants to the public and to the aquatic environment. Surfacewater bodies included in routine surveillance are the Columbia River, riverbank springs, onsite ponds, and irrigation water at the Riverview irrigation canal. Sediment surveillan...

Eogenetic karst lies geographically and temporally close to the depositional environment of limestone in warm marine water at low latitude, in areas marked by midafternoon thunderstorms during a summer rainy season. Spring hydrographs from such an environment in north-central Florida are characterized by smooth, months-long, seasonal maxima. The passage of Hurricanes Frances and Jeanne in Septe...

Target 7C of the Millennium Development Goals is to "halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation". However, the corresponding indicator measures the "proportion of population using an improved drinking water source". This raises the question of whether "safe" and "improved" can be used interchangeably. This paper tests this hyp...

Preservation of water quality, particularly in areas with inadequate water resources is considered as one of the principles of planning in integrated water management. In Kuhdasht, a region at the west of Iran, groundwater and spring water resources are the major contributors of drinking and irrigation water supply. The aim of this study was to determine the suitability and mapping of springs a...

The preliminary results of a geochemical survey of fumaroles and hot springs in the Torfajökull geothermal area, South Iceland, are presented. The total gas content in fumarole steam ranges from about 20 to roughly 25,000 mmole/kg, with carbon dioxide as the main component. Gas geothermometers indicate subsurface temperatures of about 300°C in the northern, western, and central parts of the are...

If you want to meet a truly tough fish, buy a ticket to Lake Magadi, Kenya. Here, the Magadi tilapia swim happily in the hot, alkaline waters of the lake, where oxygen levels soar and plummet daily and water chemistry pushes the boundaries of acid– base regulation. Few fish can survive such an extreme aquatic environment and this has attracted comparative physiologists for decades to the town o...

José E. Martinez, MS-MT, is a senior validation scientist and validation project manager at Amgen Manufacturing Ltd., tel. 787.656.1011, [email protected]. y definition, thermophiles love heat. In fact, thermophiles thrive at temperatures that will kill most other forms of life. Regular thermophiles (referred to as thermophiles in this article) are organisms that live at temperatures 45 C and h...