Measuring sensitivity of hydraulic structures is considered as an approach for evaluation of water projects performance, due to lower distribution efficiency in Irrigation and Drainage project schemes. Sensitivity analysis approach for irrigation structures is one of flow analysis methods which are developed in recent years in order to measure the behavior of flow in hydraulic structures in an ...

Ocean covers almost three quarters (71%) of the surface of the earth that must be continuously observed to e.g. detect climate changes or pollution of the environment which effects human and animal habitat. Currently used methods are cost and time expensive and they neither allow a required large-area sampling nor a high resolution of measuring grid. In this paper, we emphasize advantages of Wi...

Water supply is a core service on which civilised society depends. It involves considerable energy consumption and, as a result, CO2 emissions (in water treatment, pumping and monitoring) and economic costs. Treated water is most commonly supplied from a central storage reservoir by gravity throughout a catchment and this water must be supplied within satisfactory pressure bands. Where the pres...

In recent times, there have been many advances in the field of information theory and wireless sensor network (WSN) technologies. Network coding is a new paradigm in data transport and promises to change many aspects of WSN. This paper proposes a network coding multipath routing algorithm in WSN (NC-WSN). It is typically proposed in order to increase the reliability of data transmission or to p...

Temperature, solar radiation and water are major important variables in ecosystem models which are measurable via wireless sensor networks (WSN). Effective data analysis is necessary to extract significant spatial and temporal information. In this work, information regarding the long term variation of seasonal field environment conditions is explored using Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) based an...

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) are the network of sensor nodes which communicate with each other and with the base station using wireless channel. Due to extensive use of wireless sensor networks it is necessary to improve its security. WSN nodes are prone to physical attacks. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) face security threats so traditional key management schemes are no longer accurate for WS...

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are becoming prevalent and represent the next great change occurring to the Internet and our living spaces. WSN are used in the medical field, smart home and smart grid initiatives, sports training, forestry and wildlife monitoring, and numerous other disciplines. WSN deployments are expected to work for long durations on scarce energy supply and stay reliable wit...

Energy consumption is a key element in the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) design. Indeed, sensor nodes are really constrained by energy supply. Hence, how to improve the network lifetime is a crucial and challenging task. Several techniques are available at different levels of the OSI model to maximize the WSN lifetime and especially at the network layer which uses routing strategies to mainta...

Various enhancements have been provided for wireless sensor network (WSN) to increase the capability and availability of the small and cheap nodes in WSN. One of the most important features of WSN is the ability of sending and receiving the data effectively. There are several limitations of WSN like, transmission range, storage, lifetime, and energy resources. Routing in WSN came to ensure reli...