Over recent years the electronics manufacturing industry has seen a shift away from wave soldering towards reflow soldering [1]. However, although wave soldering is indeed mature (first used during the 1950’s [eg 2]), there is still significant activity with novel process development to match [3]. This paper concerns a new type of noclean liquid flux for wave soldering that is based on water [4...

The transformation of a weakly nonlinear interfacial solitary wave in an ideal twolayer flow over a step is studied. In the vicinity of the step the wave transformation is described in the framework of the linear theory of long interfacial waves, and the coefficients of wave reflection and transmission are calculated. A strong transformation arises for propagation into shallower water, but a we...

Perfect metamaterial absorber (PMA) can intercept electromagnetic wave harmful for body in Wi-Fi, cell phones and home appliances that we are daily using and provide stealth function that military fighter, tank and warship can avoid radar detection. We reported new concept of water droplet-based PMA absorbing perfectly electromagnetic wave with water, an eco-friendly material which is very plen...

A generalization of the Woodward's theorem is applied to the case of random signals jointly modulated in amplitude and frequency. This yields the signal spectrum and a rather robust estimate of the bispectrum. Furthermore, higher order statistics that quantify the amount of energy in the signal due to nonlinearities, e.g., wave–wave interaction in the case of water waves, can be inferred. Consi...

This paper presents an existence theory for small-amplitude solitary-wave solutions to the classical water-wave problem in the absence of surface tension and with an arbitrary distribution of vorticity. The hydrodynamic problem is formulated as an infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian system in which the horizontal spatial direction is the time-like variable. A centre-manifold reduction technique is...

A wave driven sea-water pump which operates by resonance is described. Oscillations in the resonant and exhaust ducts perform similar to two mass-spring systems coupled by a third spring acting for the compression chamber. Performance of the pump is optimized by means of a variable volume air compression chamber (patents pending) which tunes the system to the incoming wave frequency. Wave tank ...

Highlights The four household water treatment technologies (HWT) assessed (Aquatab, Ceramic filter, PUR, Waterguard), improved drinking water microbial quality, even though external support had been withdrawn one to two years prior to the study. However, inadequate knowledge and poor user behaviour reduced the effectiveness of the HWT technologies to below the expected baseline log reduction va...

A model for the formation and evolution of longshore sand ridges in waters deeper than the shoaling region suggests that a possible but by no means exclusive agent for the formation of these bars are weakly nonlinear dispersive long waves. The model describes how these water waves, which are represented by wave packets, and a sandy bottom topography, conspire to produce sand ridges. This study ...

The shape and amplitude of the bathymetric lidar waveforms (the recorded time history of the reflected lidar pulses) contain information about the attenuation of the water and the bottom reflectivity in the survey area. This study considers the factors that affect the amplitude of the bottom return and examines the use of the amplitude of the bottom return to distinguishing between different bo...

Large scale laboratory experiments concerning breaking wave propagation over a fixed-bed, barred beach were performed. The primary observations of interest were video intensity time series obtained from a set of high-resolution video cameras in order to study the onset of wave breaking in shallow water and wave roller transformation in the surf zone. The approach is new in the sense that the an...