Epicuticular wax forms a layer of hydrophobic material on plant aerial organs, which constitutes a protective barrier between the plant and its environment. We report here the identification of WIN1, an Arabidopsis thaliana ethylene response factor-type transcription factor, which can activate wax deposition in overexpressing plants. We constitutively expressed WIN1 in transgenic Arabidopsis pl...

AIM The aim of the study is to analyze the effect of different materials and techniques in current use on peripheral shaping of complete denture impression. METHODS The present study was conducted to compare and evaluate the maxillary border morphology produced using tissue conditioner as control and low fusing impression compound, Polyether, Pattern resin and periphery wax as border molding ...

Five combinations of materials commonly used for intermaxillary records in cases of bilateral free end saddle were evaluated: acrylic resin base + wax; acrylic resin base + wax + ZOE paste; acrylic resin base + wax + Duralay resin; condensation silicone; and acrylic resin plate + irreversible hydrocolloid. The materials were evaluated by measuring the vertical distance between pairs of referenc...

Wax esters are neutral lipids exhibiting desirable properties for lubrication. Natural sources have traditionally been whales. Additionally some plants produce wax esters in their seed oil. Currently there is no biological source available for long chain length monounsaturated wax esters that are most suited for industrial applications. This study aimed to identify enzymatic requirements enabli...

Wax synthases are membrane-associated enzymes catalysing the esterification reaction between fatty acyl-CoA and a long chain fatty alcohol. In living organisms, wax esters function as storage materials or provide protection against harmful environmental influences. In industry, they are used as ingredients for the production of lubricants, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Currently the biologica...

Wax esters are neutral lipids composed of aliphatic alcohols and acids, with both moieties usually long-chain (C16 and C18) or very-long-chain (C20 and longer) carbon structures. They have diverse biological functions in bacteria, insects, mammals, and terrestrial plants and are also important substrates for a variety of industrial applications. In plants, wax esters are mostly found in the cut...

  Wax precipitate is one of the most serious issues the oil industry is currently facing, since it can cause some troubles such as increasing of the pressure losses in pipe which subsequently increases the required power for pumpage. To remove this problem, prediction of wax disappearance temperature (WDT) seems necessary. In this study, the pressure influence on the wax disappearance temperatu...

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Standard melting point analyses only partially describe the thermal properties of eusocial beeswaxes. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed that thermal phase changes in wax are initiated at substantially lower temperatures than visually observed melting points. Instead of a sharp, single endothermic peak at the published melting point of 64 degrees C, DSC analysis of Apis mellifera ...

Plants produce wax and other extracellular lipids on the epidermis, as part of the pollen exine, but produce triacylglycerol (TAG) intracellularly in seeds such as soybean (Glycine max), and in fruits such as avocado (Persea americana). By contrast, the fruit of Bayberry (Myrica pensylvanica), a North American shrub, accumulates wax like no other fruit (figure), producing an external layer of w...