Low doses of cannabinoids applied intrathecally attenuate capsaicin-evoked heat and mechanical hyperalgesia via CB1 receptors. Although cannabinoids produce antinociception, in part, by attenuating responses of nociceptive neurons in the spinal cord, few studies have examined the effect of cannabinoids on sensitization of spinal neurons. We therefore investigated whether a cannabinoid receptor ...

Mustard oil [allyl isothiocyanate (AITC)] and cinnamaldehyde (CA), agonists of the ion channel TRPA1 expressed in sensory neurons, elicit a burning sensation and heat hyperalgesia. We tested whether these phenomena are reflected in the responses of lumbar spinal wide-dynamic range (WDR) neurons recorded in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. Responses to electrical and graded mechanical and noxiou...

Peripheral modulation of wind-up enhancement induced by peripheral tissue injury is investigated in rat spinal wide-dynamic-range (WDR) neurons. After subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of melittin, a pain-related peptidergic component separated from bee venom, the responsiveness of spinal cord WDR neuron to repeated suprathreshold (1.5T, the intensity threshold) electrical stimuli is enhanced. Comp...

43 ABSTRACT: This paper represents the wavelet techniques used for compression of gray scale and true color images. An image compression method is applied on the EZW and WDR. These techniques are more efficient and provide a better quality in the image. In compression, wavelets have shown a good adaptability to a wide range of data, while being reasonable complexity. The above techniques have b...

six different Wavelet based Image Compression techniques are analyzed. The techniques involved in the comparison process are Embedded Zero tree Wavelet (ezw) , Set Partitioning In Hierarchical Trees (Spiht), Spatialorientation Tree Wavelet (stw), Wavelet Difference Reduction (wdr), Adaptively Scanned Wavelet Difference Reduction (aswdr) and Spiht_3d. Here, there are six types of Wavelet transfo...

Leakage reduction plays an important role in power consumption in many of the systems like image sensors. Adaptive bulk biasing control scheme is used to reduce the leakage during the standby mode of operation in the systems. Advanced WDR image sensors used to take images especially in situations where the light enters a premise from different angles, i.e. where both the dark and bright areas a...

Conventional SC-based charge pump with fixed conversion ratio is predominantly adopted in energy harvesting (EH) systems, which becomes a bottleneck for attaining high power efficiency (PCE) wide dynamic range (WDR). This article reviews and explores the reconfigurable (RCP) as an alternative voltage-boosting element EH system. An overview of RCP structure established, followed by comprehensive...

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), acting through CGRP receptors, produces behavioral signs of mechanical hyperalgesia in rats and sensitization of wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons in the spinal cord dorsal horn. Although involvement of CGRP receptors in central sensitization has been confirmed, the second-messenger systems activated by CGRP receptor stimulation and involved in pain transm...

The intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery required to build functional cilia consists of a multisubunit complex whose molecular composition, organization, and function are poorly understood. Here, we describe a novel tryptophan-aspartic acid (WD) repeat (WDR) containing IFT protein from Caenorhabditis elegans, DYF-2, that plays a critical role in maintaining the structural and functional int...