To determine the influences of season, distance and multiple-farm loads on pigs transported to slaughter under Spanish commercial conditions, 496 journeys, involving 90,366 pigs, were analysed. Mortality, liveweight loss, transport yield, killing out percentage, carcass yield after overnight chilling and percentage of condemned and trimmed carcasses were recorded. Season significantly affected ...

The subject of this paper is to estimate consumers' welfare loss when the BSE testing age criterion for cattle is revised from all months to older than 21 months┼ by analyzing the change in meat demand due to this revision┻ However this analysis is different from ordinary revealed preference methods in that the demand data after this policy change are stated┼ while the data before this change a...

This paper studies a dynamic model of a financial market with N strategic agents. Agents receive random stock endowments at each period and trade to share dividend risk. Endowments are the only private information in the model. We find that agents trade slowly even when the time between trades goes to 0. In fact, welfare loss due to strategic behaviour increases as the time between trades decre...

Under the TRIPS agreement, WTOmembers are required to enforce product patents for pharmaceuticals. The debate about the merits of this requirement has been extremely contentious. Many low-income economies claim that patent protection for pharmaceuticals will result in substantially higher prices for medicines, with adverse consequences for the health and well-being of their citizens. On the oth...

A social trap is a situation where the short-term benefi ts of a decision are at odds with long-term optimal outcome (Cross and Guyer 1980 ) . Some poverty traps are social traps. For example, rampant clear-cut deforestation may have short-term payoffs but is, in many cases a long-term net loss for both the agents of deforestation and wider society. With regard to socio-ecological systems, thes...

We show that the dispersion of private valuation reduces market liquidity and allocative e ciency of a dynamic OTC market. In this decentralized market, traders have time varying and heterogeneous private value over the asset and dealers act as competing mechanism designers. We characterize the optimal liquidity provision with endogenous valuation, outside options and type distributions. Depend...

Yes, it makes a lot of sense. Using the Smets and Wouters (2007) model of the U.S. economy, we find that the role of the output gap should be equal to or even more important than that of annualized inflation when designing a simple loss function to represent household welfare. The high weight on the output gap is driven by several important characteristics in the estimated model, including a lo...

in this paper, by using a model of the new keynesians, we investigated the role of the central bank's accountability to shocks that causes deviations in the performance of the monetary policymakers. for this purpose, we used quarterly data for 69: 1 to 93: 3, and estimated the basic equations of the new keynesians model. then, by calculating the optimal values for the central bank's a...

objectives: hearing impairment in children is considered as an important public health problem. auditory function in these children is poor and depends on their hearing aids efficacy and also their ears’ status. hearing aids are very expensive and ear disease deteriorates its performance. therefore detecting the ear disease and offering proper treatment is necessary. the aim of this study is to...