CONTENTS Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808 Why Three-Dimensional Plume Delineation is Necessary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812 Measurement of Vertical Hydraulic Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814 One Time Sampling versus P...

According to Italian Ministerial Decree No. 185 of 12 June 2003, water is considered suitable for irrigation if levels of fecal bacteria (i.e., Escherichia coli and Salmonella) are within certain parameters. The detection of other microorganisms is not required. The aim of this study is to determine the bacteriological quality of groundwater used for irrigation and the occurrence of enteric vir...

A process-based methodology was used to compare the vulnerability of public supply wells tapping seven study areas in four hydrologically distinct regional aquifers to volatile organic compound (VOC) contamination. This method considers (1) contributing areas and travel times of groundwater flowpaths converging at individual supply wells, (2) the oxic and/or anoxic conditions encountered along ...

The Tel Aviv metropolitan region (200km), located on the sandy and phreatic Mediterranean Coastal Plain aquifer in Israel, is an example of a contaminated megasite that is additionally complicated by being part of a densely populated urban environment. Despite being a major source of fresh potable water, no dedicated aquifer monitoring systems exist. The vast majority of tested water supply wel...

Natural gas from tight shale formations will provide the United States with a major source of energy over the next several decades. Estimates of gas production from these formations have mainly relied on formulas designed for wells with a different geometry. We consider the simplest model of gas production consistent with the basic physics and geometry of the extraction process. In principle, s...

In order to reduce the exposure to As naturally occurring in shallow groundwater of the Bengal Basin, tens of thousands of tubewells tapping deeper aquifers of the Bengal Basin have been installed. We address here lingering concerns that As concentrations in deep tubewells might increase over time with monitoring data spanning a period of up to 5 years for 51 community wells, 115-545 ft (34-164...

This paper describes a method for depositing proteins and cells selectively into microwells fabricated in poly(dimethylsiloxane)san elastomeric organic polymer. The arrays of microwells were generated using soft lithography. The surface between the wells was coated with bovine serum albumin, and the surface within the wells was coated with fibronectin (FN)san adhesive extracellular matrix prote...

Growing interest is being given to transport of ultra-cold atomic gases through optical lattices generated by the interference of laser beams. In this connection we evaluate the phase-coherent transport of a spin-polarized gas of fermionic atoms along linear structures made from potential wells set in four alternative types of sequence. These are periodic chains of either identical wells or pai...

The exciton dynamics in In0.15Ga0.85As/GaAs quantum wells grown on (111)B and (100) GaAs substrates are studied by the time-resolved photoluminescence (PL). We have found that the piezoelectric fields in (111)B samples affect the transient behavior of PL spectra. Compared with the reference (100) samples, we have confirmed that the piezoelectric effect induces slower exciton relaxation in (111)...

abnormal fluoride levels in drinking water have been associated with adverse health effects. to determine the fluoride content of well waters in enugu, southeastern nigeria, water samples from 50 artisan wells chosen by multistage sampling procedure from the 5 zones of enugu municipality were analyzed in duplicates for their fluoride content. the zonal mean values were 0.60, 0.70, 0.62, 0.62, a...