Temporal relation resolution involves extraction of temporal information explicitly or implicitly embedded in a language. This information is often inferred from a variety of interactive grammatical and lexical cues, especially in Chinese. For this purpose, inter-clause relations (temporal or otherwise) in a multiple-clause sentence play an important role. In this paper, a computational model b...

Intuitionistic logic programming is an extension of Horn-clause logic programming in which implications may appear “embedded” on the right-hand side of a rule. Thus, rules of the form A(x) ← [B(x) ← C(x)] are allowed. These rules are called embedded implications. In this paper, we develop a language in which negationas-failure is combined with embedded implications in a principled way. Although...

1 Syntax of why-in-situ: Merge into [Spec,CP] in the overt syntax Heejeong Ko, MIT Abstract. This paper investigates the syntactic properties of ‘why’ in in-situ languages (why-in-situ) and proposes that why-in-situ, unlike other wh-phrases, is initially merged into [Spec,CP] in the overt syntax, whether or not the relevant CP is declarative or interrogative (cf. Lin 1992; Rizzi 1990, 1999). Th...

This paper addresses the question if the Focus0 and Neg0 functional heads posited by phrase structural, generative accounts of Hungarian should also be recognized in a dependency-based description of the language. It is argued that the “identificational focus” of a Hungarian clause indeed behaves like a “derived main predicate” (cf. É. Kiss 2007), as suggested by two-clause paraphrases and the ...

The paper provides an analysis of the construction in Hungarian known as focus raising, illustrated below. János-t mond-t-am hogy jön John-ACC say-PAST-1SG that come.3SG ‘It is John that I said is coming.’ In focus raising, the focus of the matrix clause is identified with a grammatical function in the embedded clause. Focus raising is particularly interesting because of the case marking on foc...

penalty clause or liquidated damage which is formerly agreed between parties is legally examined and accepted as a rule. although judge could in some circumstances modify this stipulation. yet its economic analysis which is focused on economic efficiency can be considered as a “major unexplained puzzle in the economic theory of law”. this article compares the major legal systems in the case of ...

This paper explores the linguistic properties of a discourse variant temporal adverb ʔelħi:n, used in Haili Dialect Najdi Arabic (HA). Maintaining characteristic co-occurring clause-initially, and examining lexical/discoursal articulated structures, ʔelħi:n has developed conventionalized use, turning its morphology into particle that expresses degree speaker’s attitude. undergone process gramma...

Specificational pseudoclefts (SPCs) have been a great challenge for a syntactic theory, because, despite the surface division between the preand postcopular elements, the post-copular ‘pivot’ behaves as if it occupied the gap position in the precopular wh-clause. This paper argues that movement-based or deletion-based syntactic approaches and purely semantic approaches have problems in dealing ...

Sentence processing in American Sign Language (ASL) was investigated as a function of age of first language acquisition with a timed grammatical judgement task. Participants were 30 adults who were born deaf and first exposed to an fully perceptible language between the ages of birth and 13 years. Stimuli were grammatical and ungrammatical examples of 6 ASL syntactic structures : simple, negati...

In this paper we suggest a parallelism between D-linked Wh-phrases and long-distance scrambled elements, and argue for a specific syntactic step operative in both constructions. The parallelism resides in similar behavior of the two constructions with respect to Superiority, discourse effects, semantic vacuity, islands, and clitic doubling. We suggest that this parallelism can provide insight i...