An attractive explanation for large-scale gradients of species richness is that trophic energy flux defines living systems. It has yet to be shown that available energy may matter per se, that is, directly and independent of other potential determinants that are usually inescapably correlated (e.g., area, glacial history, or habitat complexity). By using a comprehensive conceptual framework add...

in this paper, we present two new families of third-order and fourth-order methods for finding multiple roots of nonlinear equations. each of them requires one evaluation of the function and two of its first derivative per iteration. several numerical examples are given to illustrate the performance of the presented methods.

the idea of supervising  the conformity of statutory law with constitutional law, is due to necessities rooted in two essential principles: the supremacy of constitution and the hierarchy of the law. constitution as the supreme law in the sense of status and legal value , is placed at the top of the legal pyramid of every political system and therefore requires a special organization and discip...

Pay-per-click advertising includes various formats ( e.g. , search, contextual, social) with a total investment of more than 200 billion USD per year worldwide. An advertiser is given daily budget to allocate over several campaigns, mainly distinguishing for the ad, target, or channel. Furthermore, publishers choose ads display and how them employing auctioning mechanisms, in which, every day e...

Evaluating and modeling human performance on even simple tasks requires a great deal of attention to millisecond-level cognitive and perceptual-motor operations. Modeling human performance in a task often requires that special care be taken to understand how these millisecond level operations are interleaved and how they evolve during the execution of the task. In modeling a simple decision-mak...

Although during recent years in the field of special education there has been much debate regarding inclusion and people’s beliefs around disability, it is suggested that what has been lacking in many of the discussions is any coherent guiding philosophy that helps direct research in this area. The paper proposes that critical realism, developed by philosopher Roy Bhaskar, may provide such a fr...