The extent and nature of the use of medicinal drugs by drivers who had undergone a blood test on suspicion of driving under the influence of alcohol was ascertained by analysing some 40,000 case records in which the suspect had been questioned about the use of drugs. No chemical analyses were performed. 9.7% of the road users indicated that they used drugs in combination with alcohol, and more ...

AIM In February 2000, a trial started with Saturday opening of alcohol retail shops in certain parts of Sweden (phase I), and in July 2001, Saturday opening was extended to the whole country (phase II). The aim of this study is to assess the impact of phase II, and to probe previous results regarding phase I. DESIGN Prior to February 2000, all alcohol monopoly outlets were closed on Saturdays...

BACKGROUND Alcohol-impaired driving is a major public health problem. National studies indicate that about 25% of college students have driven while intoxicated in the past month and an even greater percentage drive after drinking any alcohol and/or ride with an intoxicated driver. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the change in these various alcohol-related traffic risk behavior...

In this paper, we propose LOCL, a loop coding layer which sits between IP and traditional MAC. Traditional network coding schemes mainly focus on reducing transmissions, while loop coding exploits network coding to reduce link loss rate. We analyze the performance of traditional network coding schemes and loop coding based on a rather general traffic pattern. We find that loop coding is more ap...

The probability of arrest while driving at a blood alcohol level over 0.10% was .0058 (about 1 in 200).

The restructuring of the Chinese electricity sector in 2002 reshaped the market structure by vertically unbundling the dominant integrated firm and started the process of wholesale price liberalization. We estimate factor demands to study whether these reforms boosted productivity in the generation segment of the industry. Controlling explicitly for price-heterogeneity across firms and unobserv...

Visual cues were identified and procedures were developed to enhance on-the-road detection of driving while intoxicated (DWI) by police patrol officers. Related research was reviewed; police officers with demonstrated effectiveness in DWI detection were interviewed; DWI arrest reports were analyzed; and a study was conducted to determine the frequency of occurrence and relative discriminability...

l'humour est une notion complexe dont le contenu, plus que sa définition, est diversement apprécié d'une culture à l'autre, d'une région à une autre, d'un point de vue à un autre, à tel point que ce qui est considéré par certains comme de l'humour, peut être considéré par les autres comme une méchante moquerie ou une insulte. il est généralement utilisé comme une f...

Alcohol availability has been linked to drunk driving, but research has not examined whether this relationship is the same for first-time and repeat offenses. We examined the relationship between the business hours of alcohol outlets licensed to serve alcohol for on-premises consumption and misdemeanor-level (first offense) and felony-level drunk driving (repeat offense) charges in New York Sta...