This paper reviews both theoretical and empirical studies of financial transmission rights (FTRs) in the major U.S. wholesale power markets and provides a simple illustrative two-stage model to study the competitive behaviors of electricity generators (wholesale power sellers) and load serving entities (LSEs)(wholesale power buyers) and the welfare effects of FTRs in the restructuring U.S. whol...

This paper studies the impact of a manufacturer-hired sales agent on a supply chain comprising a manufacturer and a retailer. The sales agent is working mainly at the retailer’s location in order to boost the demand. We focus on a wholesale price contract, under which the retailer decides how much to order from the manufacturer. The information structure within the supply chain and the efficien...

Like many difficult linguistic phenomena, so-called “broad referring expressions” (BREs) – such as pronominal this, that and it – have been excluded from the purview of most natural language processing systems, being tacitly deemed unmanageably difficult. However, when building cognitively-inspired intelligent agents that are meant to have real-world utility in human-agent teams, the wholesale ...

Online retailing is dominated by a channel structure in which a retailer either buys products from competing manufacturers and resells to consumers (wholesale scheme) or lets manufacturers directly sell to consumers on its platform for a commission (platform scheme). Easy access to publicly available third-party information such as product reviews which facilitate consumers' purchase decisions ...