Traditionally, models of complexity used in psychology have been based on probabilistic and algorithmic paradigms. While these models have inspired a great deal of research, they are generally opaque about the relationship between complexity and the cost of information processing. We argue that the psychological complexity is easily defined and quantified in terms of change and support this arg...

Cilia that sense orests of cilia wave fluids in desired directions. But recent excitement about primary cilia—which are unique in occurring at just one copy per cell— has focused on their possible signal trans-duction abilities. Now, on page 811, Iomini et al. have rediscovered primary cilia on endothelial cells and found that the growth of these cilia responds to outside signals. Buried in pap...

The electron temperature profile in the polar coronal hole inferred by the ionic charge state data of the fast wind exhibits a local maximum of 1:5 10 K. This indicates the existence of electron heating in the source region of the fast solar wind. In this paper, a two-fluid solar wind model, which incorporates additional ‘mechanical’ heating, is used to investigate the heating of the electrons ...

We formulate and solve the problem of making advance energy commitments for wind farms in the presence of a storage device with conversion losses, mean-reverting price process, and an auto-regressive energy generation process from wind. We derive an optimal commitment policy under the assumption that wind energy is uniformly distributed. Then, the stationary distribution of the storage level co...

Sand dunes are often covered by vegetation and biogenic crusts. Despite their significant role in dune stabilization, biogenic crusts have rarely been considered in model studies of dune dynamics. Using a simple model, we study the existence and stability ranges of different dune-cover states along gradients of rainfall and wind power. Two ranges of alternative stable states are identified: fix...

OBJECTIVE Symptoms, including tinnitus, ear pain and vertigo, have been reported following exposure to wind turbine noise. This review addresses the effects of infrasound and low frequency noise and questions the existence of 'wind turbine syndrome'. DESIGN This review is based on a search for articles published within the last 10 years, conducted using the PubMed database and Google Scholar ...

An electroanalytical method has been introduced for highly sensitive determination of hydralazine hydrochloride (Hy-HCl) based on its oxidation at a glassy carbon electrode modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT/GCE). Studies showed that the electrochemical oxidation of Hy-HCl was accompanied by adsorption and highly sensitive responses could be achieved by adsorptive stripping volta...

With the launches of HY-2B, HY-2C and HY-2D, National Satellite Ocean Application Service (NSOAS) successfully established first batch HY-2 constellation on 19 May 2021, dedicated to detecting marine dynamic environment. While validation calibration series satellites have been well studied, using both in situ cross-track measurements, further evaluation is required mapping capability mesoscale ...

Advances in biomimetic three-dimensional (3D) melanoma models have brought new prospects of drug screening and disease modeling, since their physiological relevancy for recapitulating vivo tumor architectures is more accurate than traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture. Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) widely used as a tissue-engineered scaffold hydrogel 3D In the present study, an vitro mal...

The goal of this report is i) to model the occurrence and hunting yield (HY) density wild ungulates not only for widely distributed species in Europe, but also those ones which have a constrained distribution ii) compare output with observed HY. Random Forest function was used modelling species. We data available from past 30 years, HY (period 2015-2020) records collected by ENETWILD. Like prev...