A multilevel decomposition approach for the preliminary design of a High Speed Civil Transport Aircraft wing structure is described. The wing design is decomposed into three levels. The top level uses the FLOPS aircraft synthesis program to generate preliminary weights, mission, and performance information. The optimization criterion is productivity expressed by a productivity index for the spe...

Flapping-wing robotic insects are small, highly maneuverable flying robots inspired by biologicalinsects and useful for a wide range of tasks, including exploration, environmental monitoring, searchand rescue, and surveillance. Recently, robotic insects driven by piezoelectric actuators have achievedthe important goal of taking off with external power; however, fully autonomous operation requir...

Based on the bionic design of humpback whale fin, a passive flow control method is proposed to obtain greater flapping lift by applying wavy leading edge structure straight symmetrical wing. The conventional wing replaced shape represented regular trigonometric function form special configuration imitating fin. dynamic aerodynamic performance and field characteristics with different parameters ...

Nonplanar lifting surfaces can lower the induced drag relative to planar surfaces by redistributing vorticity.Other sources of drag, such as viscous drag, as well as nonaerodynamic considerations, such as structural weight, also play an important role in assessing the overall efficiency of such lifting surfaces. In this paperwe solve a series of problems tofindoptimal nonplanar lifting surfaces...

The purpose of the study is to know influence Queen Cell’s queen on body length, weight, and length wing ApisCerana bee. material used larvae honey bees, honey, royal jelly, queen's cells. method was a trial using completely random design with three treatments in each five repeats. tested treatment Cell small, medium, large sizes. variable measured bee wing. Data analyzed variance analysis or A...

A new method for concurrent trim and structural optimization of Active Aeroelastic Wing technology is presented. The new process treats trim optimization and structural optimization as an integrated problem in the same mathematical formulation, in which control surface gear ratios are included as design variables in a standard structural optimization algorithm. This new approach is in contrast ...

From Wright Brothers 1903 to present day 2003, aeronautical technology has made a profound progress. This paper demonstrates the outcome of this progress in weight, wing area, and engine thrust in three categories of transport aircraft of short to long range, regional jets, and turbo-prop commuter aircraft. Also the paper includes those aircraft with distinct jump in aeronautical technology. Fe...

The diversity of wing morphologies in birds reflects their variety of flight styles and the associated aerodynamic and inertial requirements. Although the aerodynamics underlying wing morphology can be informed by aeronautical research, important differences exist between planes and birds. In particular, birds operate at lower, transitional Reynolds numbers than do most aircraft. To date, few q...

Hummingbirds are specialized hoverers for which the vortex wake has been described as a series of single vortex rings shed primarily during the downstroke. Recent findings in bats and birds, as well as in a recent study on Anna's hummingbirds, suggest that each wing may shed a discrete vortex ring, yielding a bilaterally paired wake. Here, we describe the presence of two discrete rings in the w...

The mechanics of avian take-off are central to hypotheses about flight evolution, but have not been quantified in terms of whole-body movements for any species. In this study, I use a combination of high-speed video analysis and force plate recording to measure the kinematics and mechanics of ground take-off in the European starling Sturnis vulgaris and the European migratory quail Coturnix cot...