Retinoids have many beneficial effects on dermatological applications. But, retinoids cause skin irritation. In this study, the safety of retinoids was clarified via both primary skin irritation test in rabbits and sensitization study using an integrated model for the differentiation of chemical-induced allergic and irritant skin reaction (IMDS) , an alternative method to sensitization test. Th...

In this section, we critically review a variety of so-called ‘wrinkle structures’ in an attempt to help distinguish between crinkly decorations arising from physical processes that acted on siliciclastic bedding surfaces, and true microbially induced ‘wrinkle structures’. The latter, however, are not easily differentiated from the numerous small-scale, crinkly irregularities on ancient bedding ...

Large ellipsoid parts are prone to wrinkle when forming by using traditional stamping. Aiming solve the wrinkling problem in large parts, EMIF method with a variable blank holder is proposed this paper. The numerical simulation has shown that sheet material near is, as consequence of stamping, subjected circumferential compressive stress. When drawing height was 100 mm, metal notably wrinkled. ...

We describe two new shape operators that superimpose wrinkles on top of a smooth NURBS surface. Previous research studying wrinkles focused mostly on cloth modeling or in animations, which are driven more by visual realism, but allow large elastic deformations. Our operators generate wrinkle-shaped deformations in a region of a smooth surface along a given boundary based on a few basic parametr...