It has been proposed that motor imagery contains an element of sensory experiences (kinesthetic sensations), which is a substitute for the sensory feedback that would normally arise from the overt action. No evidence has been provided about whether kinesthetic sensation is centrally simulated during motor imagery. We psychophysically tested whether motor imagery of palmar flexion or dorsiflexio...

The active center of multi-subunit RNA polymerase consists of two modules, the Mg(2+) module, holding the catalytic Mg(2+) ion, and a module made of a flexible domain, the Trigger Loop. Uniquely, the TL module can be substituted by alternative modules, thus changing the catalytic properties of the active center.

background there is considerable variation in the treatment of distal forearm torus fractures (dftf), from soft bandaging to cast immobilization. objectives the present study aimed to show the result of removable wrist splint (rws) in the treatment of these fractures. materials and methods one hundred forty two children aged less than 17 years old with dftf were studied prospectively. these pat...

We measured the input-output properties of the hand grasps of 14 individuals with tetraplegia at the C5/C6 level who had received an implanted upper limb neuroprosthesis. The data provide a quantitative description of grasp-opening and grasp-force control with neuroprosthetic hand grasp systems. Static properties were estimated by slowly ramping the command (input) from 0 to 100%. A hand-held s...

We describe a model-independent integral constraint which defines an upper limit to the allowed degree of evolution in the ratio of black hole (BH) mass to host galaxy luminosity or mass, as a function of redshift. Essentially, if the BH/host ratio is excessive at redshift z, then it would imply that the total mass density in BHs above some Mmin BH is larger at that redshift than at z = 0, whic...

23 During locomotion, motor cortical neurons projecting to the pyramidal tract 24 (PTNs) discharge in close relation to strides. How their discharges vary based on the part 25 of the body they influence is not well understood. We addressed this question with regard 26 to joints of the forelimb in the cat. During simple and ladder locomotion, we compared 27 the activity of four groups of PTNs wi...

OBJECTIVES To assess the test-retest reliability and convergent validity of daily physical activity measures during inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation. DESIGN Observational study. SETTING Two inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation centres. SUBJECTS Participants (n = 106) were recruited from consecutive admissions to rehabilitation. METHODS Physical activity during inpatien...

This study determined the reliability of muscle function and sensory perception measures of the wrist extensors. The test-retest reliability of the measurements was determined by an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV), standard error of measurements (SEMs), and one-way repeated measures ANOVA using the values collected from 25 young (20.6 +/- 1.3 years) healt...

The activity of neurones was recorded from the supplementary motor area (SMA) of monkeys while they were performing a discrete, arbitrary wrist movement. The cells responded similarly whether there was a triggering stimulus at the time of the movement or not. This experiment indicates that SMA neurones are active both in relation to externally triggered and internally initiated (voluntary) acti...