Advances in computing environments have facilitated many application systems using various media, including text, graphics and speech. In office or personal daily applications, natural language plays a central role in these media, and the amount of accessible document data containing natural language information is rapidly increasing. Therefore, it has become increasingly necessary that compute...

SIR—We were very interested in the paper by Abou-Raya et al. [1] regarding bone health and Parkinson's disease. In our rural community of Ceredigion, West Wales, we carried out a similar study in 2007. We were prompted by a spate of hip fractures amongst our patients attending the movement disorder clinic. We looked at 50 patients (31 males) and enrolled their carers as controls for vitamin D l...

the prophet muhammad`s (pbuh) life has always been of great interest especially to the muslim scholars. there have, however, been some discrepancies in their accounts of the prophet`s life depending on these scholars religious orientations, principles, criteria, methodology, styles, motives, and purposes. one of the books in this area is, al sahih men sirat nabavi, the writer, elaborating on th...

ketab-ol-ein, which was written by ahmad farahidi, is one of the oldest dictionaries that exist today. in the preliminary discussion we mentioned that, although historical sources show that the work of ibn abbas looks like a dictionary, it is becoming accepted that ketab-ol-ein is the first dictionary. the article starts with explanations about the life and work of khalilibn ahmad. we have also...

This study examines the patterns and substance of student self introductions in nine fully online graduate courses in education. A composite of social identity frameworks with an emphasis on language as the tool for self-presentation is first developed to guide the analysis and interpretation of these data. In particular Sfard and Prusack’s operationalization of the telling of identity [1], alo...

CONTEXT In 2007, The National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners (NBOME) instituted a policy to address the accuracy and integrity of postencounter written documentation recorded during the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination Level 2-Performance Evaluation (COMLEX-USA Level 2-PE). This policy was instituted not only to protect the integrity of the examination, but also t...

The lexical quality hypothesis (Perfetti & Hart, 2002) suggests that skilled reading requires high-quality lexical representations. In children, these representations are still developing, and it has been suggested that this development leads to more adult-like eye-movement behavior during the reading of connected text. To test this idea, a set of young adolescents (aged 11-13 years) completed ...