This work intends to capitalize waste transformer oil (WTO) as a renewable source of fuel in a diesel engine, given the cost of fuel being used is reduced when using waste products. Previously, despite its higher viscosity, WTO is used as such or in blends with diesel in a diesel engine. However, in the current study, efforts are taken to chemically treat WTO so as to bring down its viscosity a...

This article focuses on the principle of mutual supportiveness as a key legal tool to address tensions between competing regimes, with specific reference to the articulation of the WTO system with other subject areas protecting essential interests of the international community, such as in particular the right to health, cultural diversity, and environmental protection. It argues that the multi...

FOR TRADE INFORMATION SERVICES ID=39115 2007 F-11 ORG International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) Organic Farming and Climate Change. Geneva: ITC, 2007. 27 p. Doc. No. MDS-08-152.E Study focusing on organic agriculture and mitigation and adaptation to predictable and unpredictable impacts of climate change looks at the general contribution of agricultu...

In “Who Guards the ‘Guardians of System’? The Role Secretariat in WTO Dispute Settlement,” 1 Joost Pauwelyn and Krzysztof Pelc argue that World Trade Organization (WTO Secretariat) has more influence over dispute resolution than staff any comparable tribunal. This is result institutional design WTO, but also unexpected factors extended mandate beyond what was originally conceived. authors claim...

The World Trade Organization’s (WTO) goal of liberalizing multilateral trade does not exist in a vacuum; that is to say, liberalizing trade is not an end in itself. The preamble to the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (“Marrakesh Agreement”), explicitly states that “[t]he Parties to this Agreement, recognizing that their relations in the field of trade and economic [endeavor]...

Tariff bindings and administered protection are two characteristics of the WTO that are little understood. Tariff bindings place a ceiling on tariffs that is not always reached, while administered protection ensures that all sectors have access to some minimum import protection, effectively creating a floor for protection. How do these policies affect applied MFN tariff rates that are enacted t...

3. In the fifty years preceding the Doha ministerial conference, there have been eight rounds of negotiations. After the establishment of the GATT in 1948, there were six rounds of tariff-cutting negotiations. This was followed by the first successful attack on non-tariff barriers in the Tokyo Round negotiations, launched in 1973, and in 1993, by the completion of the Uruguay Round, launched in...