In this study, xanthine oxidase immobilized silica coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2-XO) were successfully prepared and characterized by transmission electron microscope, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer. The average diameter of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles was about 300 nm to 350 nm with a shell thickness of 60 nm. The maximum ...

During chemical hypoxia induced by cobalt chloride (CoCl2), hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1-alpha) mediates the induction of a variety of genes including erythropoietin and vascular endothelial growth factor. We used glioma cells with oxidative phosphorylation-dependent (D54-MG) and glycolytic-dependent (U251-MG) phenotypes to monitor HIF1-alpha regulation in association with redox respon...

Of twelve dipeptides tested, only the Trp containing peptides Val-Trp and its reverse peptide Trp-Val showed a xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity. Studies with Val and Trp revealed that XO inhibition was mainly attributed to the Trp residue. No significant difference (P ≥ 0.05) was found for the XO inhibitory potency (IC(50)) values for Trp, Val-Trp and Trp-Val, which were about 200 time...

Red cells from patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) are under greater oxidative challenge than those from normal individuals. We postulated that oxidants generated by xanthine oxidase (XO) and hypoxanthine (HO) contribute to the pathogenesis of SCA through altering solute permeability. Sickling, activities of the main red cell dehydration pathways (Psickle , Gardos channel, and KCl cotranspor...

In mouse ovaries, the first wave of folliculogenesis perinatally starts near the medullary region, which directs the initial round of follicular growth soon after birth. At the same time, cortical primordial follicles start forming in the ovarian surface region, and then some are cyclically recruited for the second and subsequent rounds of follicular growth. Recent studies suggest different dyn...

1 . Let n >= 3, and let Q,1 denote the class of polynomials f (x) of degree n satisfying the condition I f(x) 1 <_ 1 in the interval -1 <_ x _<_ +1 . Let Q~(xo) denote the subclass of Qn characterized by the further restriction f"(x o ) = 0 . A well-known theorem of A. Markoff1 states that I f' (x) I < n 2 for -1 _< x 5 +1 provided that f(x) e Qn ; here I f'(x) I = n2 holds if and only if x = ±...

Xanthine oxidase (XO) is increased in human and rat left ventricular (LV) myocytes with volume overload (VO) of mitral regurgitation and aortocaval fistula (ACF). In the setting of increased ATP demand, XO-mediated ROS can decrease mitochondrial respiration and contractile function. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that XO inhibition improves cardiomyocyte bioenergetics and LV function in chronic...

Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is an effective therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases and autoimmune disorders; however, its regulatory effect on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages has not been investigated. In this study, we predicted the potential interaction between HSYA and xanthine oxidase (XO) via PharmMapper inverse docking and confirmed the binding inhibition via inhibito...

Sex determination in the nematode C. elegans is dependent on cell-to-cell communication, which appears to be mediated by the predicted membrane protein TRA-2A and the secreted protein HER-1. In XO males, HER-1 is hypothesised to function as a repressive ligand that inactivates the TRA-2A receptor. In XX animals, HER-1 is absent and TRA-2A promotes hermaphrodite development by negatively regulat...

BACKGROUND Xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors are largely the treatment of choice for gout, but allopurinol is often inappropriately used for asymptomatic hyperuricemia. There is little evidence that allopurinol is useful in preventing cardiovascular diseases and therapeutic decisions must the balance the expected benefit with the potential harm. OBJECTIVE To investigate the appropriateness of ...