Infectious murine models greatly benefit from optical imaging using bioluminescent bacteria to non-invasively and repeatedly follow in vivo bacterial infection. In this context, one of the most critical parameters is the bioluminescence sensitivity to reliably detect the smallest number of bacteria. Another critical point is the anesthetic approaches that have been demonstrated to impact the bi...

A combination of pharmacological and genetic approaches was used to determine the role of type 4 cAMP-specific cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) in reversing alpha(2)-adrenoceptor-mediated anesthesia, a behavioral correlate of emesis in non-vomiting species. Among the family-specific PDE inhibitors, PDE4 inhibitors reduced the duration of xylazine/ketamine-induced anesthesia in mice,...

Maintaining wild animals in captivity often requires chemical immobilisation to achieve various diagnostic, surgical and management interventions. Four dholes, two Indian grey wolves and four Indian jackals were immobilised using ketamine-xylazine combination for either medical or management interventions. Based on the estimated body weight, canids were darted upon with 6-8 mg kg-1 ketamine and...

In the doping tests currently used in horse racing, prohibited substances or their metabolites are usually directly detected in urine or blood samples. However, despite their lasting pharmaceutical effects, some prohibited substances are rapidly eliminated from horse urine and blood, making them difficult to detect. Therefore, new indirect biomarkers for doping, such as plasma proteins that are...

A combination of 100 mg/ml of ketamine hydrochloride (Ket) and 20 mg/ml of xylazine hydrochloride (Xyl) was used to immobilize coypus (Myocastor coypus). Eight mature coypus (four males and four females) were injected intramuscularly with doses ranging from 2.33 to 6.25 mg/kg of KET and 0.25 to 0.86 mg/kg of Xyl. The mean (+/- SE) time for induction, arousal, and recovery were 7.3 +/- 2 min, 23...

BACKGROUND Anesthesia sometimes suppresses ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VT) resistant to conventional pharmacological treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS To know (1) whether deep anesthesia inhibits abnormal repolarization-related VT and (2) if α2-adrenoreceptor (AR) agonistic action is associated with the antiarrhythmic effect of anesthetics, the incidence of VT in a rabbit model of acquired lon...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between inhalation anesthetics and hearing in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS As inhalation anesthetics, isoflurane was used. Auditory brainstem response and distortion product otoacoustic emission were used as measurement of hearing. Mice were divided into 2 groups. 'Isoflurane group' consisted of mice that were ...