background: age-related differences in the ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod) activity of cyp1a1 and its inducibility in rats may determine the toxic potential of acetaminophen.  this study was carried out to compare the effects of acetaminophen (apap) and β-naphthoflavone (βnf) on cyp1a1 activity in young and adult rats. methods: for this purpose, young and adult rats (n = four / group) were...

This study compared the contribution of supraspinal fatigue to muscle fatigue in old and young adults. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of motor cortex was used to assess voluntary activation during maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) of elbow flexor muscles in 17 young adults (25.5 +/- 3.6 yr; mean +/- SD) and 7 old adults (73.0 +/- 3.3 yr). Subjects performed a fatigue task involving...

This study examined adult age differences in the accuracy, confidence ratings, and vividness ratings of veridical and suggested memories. After seeing either one or two exposures of a vignette depicting a theft, young adults (M = 19 years) and older adults (M = 73 years) were given misleading information that suggested the presence of particular objects in the episode. Memory accuracy was highe...

BACKGROUND Adults play an important role in regulating the social behaviour of young individuals. However, a few pioneer studies suggest that, more than the mere presence of adults, their proportions in social groups affect the social development of young. Here, we hypothesized that aggression rates and social cohesion were correlated to adult-young ratios. Our biological model was naturally-fo...

Although working memory spans are, on average, lower for older adults than young adults, we demonstrate in 5 experiments a way in which older adults paradoxically resemble higher capacity young adults. Specifically, in a selective-listening task, older adults almost always failed to notice their names presented in an unattended channel. This is an exaggeration of what high-span young adults sho...

Limited plantar flexor strength and hip extension range of motion (ROM) in older adults are believed to underlie common age-related differences in gait. However, no studies of age-related differences in gait have quantified the percentage of strength and ROM used during gait. We examined peak hip angles, hip torques and plantar flexor torques, and corresponding estimates of functional capacity ...

OBJECTIVE There is a widespread assumption that smoking behaviour is largely established by the age of 18 years. As a result, smoking prevention has focused almost exclusively upon youth. However, recent trends suggest that young adulthood may be an important--and largely overlooked--period in the development of regular smoking behaviour. The current study sought to examine patterns of tobacco ...

Nowadays, social life is changing very fast. Individuals have to be competitive and increase their power to adapt in the face of this change. Therefore, competitiveness has become a basic characteristic that every individual has to have. Especially, in their university years, young people are moving towards emerging adults in an educational system and experiences that are based on competition. ...

BACKGROUND In the U.S., young adults (18-39 year-olds) have the lowest hypertension control rates among hypertensive adults. Understanding young adults' unique perceptions about hypertension and perceived barriers to hypertension control is critical to develop effective interventions for this population. This multi-center study explored young adults': 1) emotions and reactions after a hypertens...

BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine potential differences in walking, cycling, public transport and passive transport (car/moped/motorcycle) to work and to other destinations between college and non-college educated working young adults. Secondly, we aimed to investigate which psychosocial and environmental factors are associated with the four transport modes and whether these associations d...