Throughout this paper, R is an associative ring; andN ,C,C(R), and J denote, respectively, the set of nilpotent elements, the center, the commutator ideal, and the Jacobson radical. An element x of R is called potent if xn = x for some positive integer n= n(x) > 1. A ring R is called periodic if for every x in R, xm = xn for some distinct positive integersm=m(x), n = n(x). A ring R is called we...

Let I be a non degenerated non empty multiplicative loop with zero structure and let u be an element of Q(I). Then u1 is an element of I. Then u2 is an element of I. Let I be a non degenerated integral domain-like non empty double loop structure and let u, v be elements of Q(I). The functor u+ v yields an element of Q(I) and is defined by: (Def. 2) u+ v = 〈u1 · v2 + v1 ·u2, u2 · v2〉. Let I be a...

Different combinations of the artero-ventricular coupling design (numerical, physical and hybrid) and the arterial system structure (four-element standard, simplified, modified and three-element three-lump "ladder" Windkessel) have been applied in an open loop circulatory model to test their influence on selected ventricular and circulatory variables. Numerical investigations have shown that a ...

Boolean semantics is a version of formal semantics in which models are supposed to have algebraic, preferably Boolean, structure (Keenan and Faltz 1985). Thus for any category C there is a corresponding denotational Boolean algebra DC of possible denotations of expressions of category C. Furthermore, given that most categories are functionally related (in principle all ”major” categories are Bo...

We consider CLS structures as extensions of loop structure as systems 〈 a carrier, a zero, an addition, an external multiplication 〉, where the carrier is a set, the zero is an element of the carrier, the addition is a binary operation on the carrier, and the external multiplication is a function from [: C, the carrier :] into the carrier. Let us observe that there exists a CLS structure which ...

Abstract In this paper we describe commutative monoids S containing a zero element in which every ideal is the annihilator of an .

Complex materials with artificial structures known as metamaterials (MTM) have unique properties that draw several scientists to use them in a variety of research fields. In addition, MTM can go beyond some the restrictions placed on tools used technical practise while improving characteristics microwaves. The Internet Things (IoT) application calls for construction zero-index Split Ring Resona...