most formidable of all competitors. Japanese companies do not plan or design for their local market but rather for the larger world markets. They realize that they must export to survive. Japan has even developed an expertise in the exporting of entire plants, amortized by the revenues generated in the marketing of products to mature economies. Currently, a Japanese builder is constructing a pe...

The application of a self-organizing fuzzy proportional–integral–derivative (SOF-PID) controller to a multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) nonlinear revolute-joint robot arm is studied in this paper. The SOF controller is a learning supervisory controller, making small changes to the values of the PID gains while the system is in operation. In effect, the SOF controller replaces an experienced...

Background: The high consanguinity in Middle East increases the risk of genetic diseases, including primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID). Objectives: This study was aimed at determining the rate of positive family history of PID, the overall rate and type of consanguinity, and their effects on delay age during diagnosis of PID. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on...

Screening and early identification of primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) genes is a major challenge for physicians. Many resources have catalogued molecular alterations in known PID genes along with their associated clinical and immunological phenotypes. However, these resources do not assist in identifying candidate PID genes. We have recently developed a platform designated Resource of As...

Several members of the AGCVIII kinase subfamily, which includes PINOID (PID), PID2, and WAVY ROOT GROWTH (WAG) proteins, have previously been shown to phosphorylate PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin transporters and control the auxin flow in plants. PID has been proposed as a key component of the phototropin signaling pathway that induces phototropic responses, although the responses were not significantl...

Introduction It is a decade since this bleak view of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) management in the United Kingdom appeared in the BMJ. Since then a theme to emerge in sexually transmitted disease (STD) research has been increased awareness of genital chlamydial infection, which causes a substantial proportion of PID cases. In the United Kingdom, this culminated in the Chief Medical OYcer’...

A Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control is the most commonly used algorithm in industrial control systems. With its three term functionality providing regulation to both transient and steady state responses, PID control offers the simplest and most efficient solution to many industrial control problems. Tuning of PID gain parameters continuous to be important as these parameters has gr...

In this paper conventional PID controller provides satisfactory results, still inefficiency persists due to extreme nonlinear nature and uncertainty in the dynamics of the plant. So optimize the pid non linear behavior by Gravitational search algorithm and particle swarm optimization. The PID controller is the most common form of feedback. PID control issued at the lowest level; the multivariab...

This paper introduces an optimal fuzzy proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller. The fuzzy PID controller is a discrete-time version of the conventional PID controller, which preserves the same linear structure of the proportional, integral, and derivative parts but has constant coefficient yet self-tuned control gains. Fuzzy logic is employed only for the design; the resulting control...

PID controller is the most widely used controller in industry for control applications due to its simple structure and easy parameter adjusting.But increase in complexity of control systems has introduced many modified PID controllers.The recent advancement in fractional order calculus has introduced fractional order PID controller and it has recieved a great attention for researchers.Fractiona...