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We discuss the renormalization of the electric charge at the two-loop level in the Standard Model of the electroweak interactions. We explicitly calculate the expression of the complete on-shell two-loop counterterm using the Background Field Method and discuss the advantages of this computational approach. We consider the related quantity ê(μ), defined in the MS renormalization scheme and pres...

Elastic photoproduction of  mesons is analysed using data from 1996 and 1997 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about Ê Ä dt ¾½ pb ½. The energy dependence of the total photoproduction cross section is presented and predictions in the framework of perturbative QCD and of a two pomeron model are compared to the data. The Ø dependence is analysed as a function of Ï ­Ô. A determination ...

We investigate the properties of rigid polyelectrolyte solutions in the presence of monovalent salt. The free energy within the Debye-Hückel-Bjerrum (DHBj) theory (Fisher, M. E.; Levin, Y. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1993, 71, 3826) is constructed. It is found that at thermodynamic equilibrium the polyelectrolyte solution consists of clusters composed of one polyion and various counterions. The distributi...

A locally small category E is totally distributive (as defined by Rosebrugh-Wood) if there exists a string of adjoint functors t ⊣ c ⊣ y, where y : E → Ê is the Yoneda embedding. Saying that E is lex totally distributive if, moreover, the left adjoint t preserves finite limits, we show that the lex totally distributive categories with a small set of generators are exactly the injective Grothend...

Objectives—To evaluate the relative merits of job specific questionnaires and various alternative assessment methods of occupational exposures often used in general population studies. Methods—Subjects were participants in a hospital based case-control study of risk factors for male infertility. Estimates of exposure to organic solvents and chromium, based on job specific questionnaires, generi...

We present an extension to IBM Model 1 for training word-to-word lexicon probabilities. This model takes into account a given fixed segmentation of the source and target sentences in the estimation of the statistical dictionary. Our experimentation on the Europarl corpus shows that a statistical consistent improvement in the translation quality can be achieved by including our proposed model as...

In conventional text editors, a Lisp program is written with many parentheses and it makes it difficult to understand the tree structure of the program. Additionally, it is difficult for a student to understand the teacher's intention by watching her editing operation in programming classes. To solve these problems, we developed GTEdit (Gesture-based Tree Editor), a visual programming environme...