We study quantum optical properties of a dipole emitter coupled to a rectangular nanoscale waveguide with dielectric core and silver cladding. We investigate enhanced spontaneous emission and the photonic Lamb shift for emitters whose resonant frequencies are near the waveguide frequency cutoff where the waveguide behaves as an ɛ-near-zero metamaterial. Via a dyadic Green's function-based field...

Predictive capability of RANS and LES models to calculate incipient cavitation of water in a step nozzle is assessed. The RANS models namely, Realizable k-ɛ, SST k-ω and Reynolds Stress Model did not predict any cavitation, due to the limitation of RANS models to predict the low pressure vortex cores. LES WALE model was able to predict the cavitation by capturing the shear layer instability and...

Interleukin (IL)-4 is a critical stimulator that induces ɛ germline transcripts (ɛGT) for switch recombination to initiate immunoglobulin (Ig) E and is important in allergic disease pathogenesis. We found pentagalloylglucose (PGG) inhibited IL-4-induced ɛGT expression. PGG exerted its inhibitory function by suppressing IL-4-induced activation of IL-4Rα, JAK3 and STAT6. Furthermore, tannic acid,...

The productions of English TRAP, DRESS and STRUT vowels are analysed acoustically in advanced Polish learners of English in an EFL setting. TRAP is shown to be less well-defined than the other two vowels, presumably due to partially fossilised “assimilation” to the corresponding Polish vowels /a/ and /ɛ/. There is considerable inter-speaker variation in the distribution of TRAP tokens, with fou...

This paper presents a sociophonetic investigation of /ɛ/-lowering in apparent time. The data come from 24 speakers, across three generations from Buckie, northeast Scotland (12 males, 12 females). Acoustic analysis of the DRESS-vowel reveals that it is lowering in apparent time. Inspection of the constraints reveals an interaction of internal and external constraints. Analysis of the phonetic c...