objective: in order to study the effect of drought stress, salicylic acid (sa) and  jasmonic acid (ja) foliar application on hill reaction and photosynthetic pigments. methods:experiment was done as factorial on the basis of completely randomized design in 4 replications. irrigation in 3 levels (fc,   fc and  fc), salicylic acid in 2 levels (0 and 0.5 mm) and jasmonic acid in 2 levels (0 and 50...

The demosponge Suberites domuncula has been described to contain high levels of a proteinaceous toxin, Suberitine, that displays haemolytic activityIn the present study this 7-8 kDa polypeptide has been isolated and was shown to exhibit also cytotoxic effects on cells of the same species. Addition of retinal, a recently identified metabolite of β-carotene that is abundantly present in S. domunc...

dunaliella salina was isolated from maharlu salt lake in shiraz, iran, and was analyzed forthe effects of salinity stress on its growth, pigment content and ascorbate peroxidase activity. growth,expressed as number of cells ml-1, which was most rapid at 2 m nacl, was reduced at salinity extremes.during the exponential phase of growth, increasing salinity from 0.5 to 4 m nacl increased chl a fro...

β-Carotene supplements are often taken by individuals living with HIV-1. Contradictory results from in vitro studies suggest that β-carotene may inhibit or induce cytochrome P450 enzymes and transporters. The study objective was to investigate the effect of β-carotene on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of nelfinavir and its active metabolite M8 in HIV-1 infected individuals. Twelve hour nelfi...

the naturally occurring antioxidants: vitamin e, β-carotene and vitamin c are known to ameliorate theoxidative stress generated during various physiological and pathological conditions. the oxidative stress mayoccur at different sites, different times, and by different mechanisms in the animal system. lower levels ofthe anti-oxidant vitamins are associated with poor fertility and production lev...

BACKGROUND In vitro evidence suggests anti-estrogenic properties for retinol and carotenoids, supporting a chemo-preventive role of these phytochemicals in estrogen-dependent cancers. During aging there are significant reductions in retinol and carotenoid concentrations, whereas estradiol levels decline during menopause and progressively increase from the age of 65. We aimed to investigate the ...

Particularly in the field of advertising and in popular scientific journals, antioxidants such as β-carotene (from carrots) or lycopenes (from tomatoes) and the vitamins C and E are one-sidedly portrayed as substances capable of offering protection against cancer or ageing because they diminish or prevent the effects of free radicals. However, free radicals should by nomeans be considered as be...

The flowers of twenty-three cultivars of Dendranthema grandiflorum Ramat. were investigated to determine anthocyanin and carotenoid levels and to confirm the effects of the pigments on the flower colors using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The cultivars contained the anthocyanins cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3g) and cyanidin 3-(3"...

When the mare's estrous cycle resumes in winter, the β-carotene content of hay is depleted. Sixty Italian trotter mares were randomly assigned to a Control or a Treated Group. Treated Group received 1g/d synthetic β-carotene for 15 days from parturition. Blood samples collected at parturition and on days 5, 10 and 15 after partum were analysed for β-carotene, vitamins A, progesterone, 17 β-estr...

Atherosclerosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developed societies, and begins when activated endothelial cells recruit monocytes and T-cells from the bloodstream into the arterial wall. Macrophages that accumulate cholesterol and other fatty materials are transformed into foam cells. Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that a diet rich in carotenoids is associated...