Carbonic anhydrase and proton ATPase are co-distributed, being restricted to the apical regions of the gill epithelium of freshwater teleosts. Carbonic anhydrase supplies protons to the apical proton ATPase. Carbonic anhydrase is absent from the basal regions of the gill epithelium. Plasma flowing through the gills has no available carbonic anhydrase activity and plasma CO2/bicarbonate reaction...

CHANGES in tension of environmental CO2 gas have been shown to affect cellular differentiation. In the presence of increased partial pressure of dissolved CO2(/?Co2) Loomis (1957) has demonstrated an increase in sexual differentiation of hydra and Flickinger (1958) has caused explanted frog ectoderm to differentiate into neural tissue. Loomis was able to show that the substance which stimulates...

BACKGROUND Increased bone resorption and new bone information are two characteristics of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Much evidence has shown that carbonic anhydrase inhibitors can restrain bone resorption. We had detected increased expression of carbonic anhydrase I (CA1) in synovium of patients with AS. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of methazolamide, an anti-carbon...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among most common terminal cancer types in the world. Primary etiological factors include cirrhosis, hepatitis, aflatoxin and alcohol. The current study was conducted to determine cytosolic erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase and catalase enzyme activities and levels of some trace elements. For this purpose, 40 patients with primary and metastatic hepatic cancer and...

The vestimentiferan annelid Riftia pachyptila forms dense populations at hydrothermal vents along the East Pacific Rise at a depth of 2600 m. It harbors CO(2)-assimilating sulfide-oxidizing bacteria that provide all of its nutrition. To find specific host transcripts that could be important for the functioning of this symbiosis, we used a subtractive suppression hybridization approach to identi...

According to current concepts, acidification of the urine in the distal tubule and final removal of bicarbonate from the glomerular filtrate occur by a process of ion exchange in which hydrogen ions within tubular cells are exchanged for sodium in the filtrate (1). It is thought that carbonic anhydrase catalyzes an essential reaction which either directly supplies hydrogen ions to the exchange ...

The carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazoleamide, (2-acetylamino-1,3,4-thiadazole-5 sulfonamide, 6063, Diamox®), is believed to decrease the exchange of hydrogen for sodium ions in the renal tubule (1). Alkalinization of the urine with sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate diuresis is found after its administration, both in normal people and in patients with cardiac failure (2). Except for the repo...

A 29.5 kDa intracellular alpha-type carbonic anhydrase, designated Cah3, from the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is the first of this type discovered inside a photosynthetic eukaryote cell. We describe the cloning of a cDNA which encodes the protein. Immunoblot studies with specific antibodies raised against Cah3 demonstrate that the polypeptide is associated exclusively with ...

In the present experiments we investigated the effects of adrenalectomy and aldosterone, DOCA and hydrocortisone replacement on carbonic anhydrase activity in various organs of rats and mice. At the same time we reviewed all the experimental results hitherto obtained, and discussed the mechanism of action of aldosterone on the kidney. The characteristic feature of the action of aldosterone on r...

The developmental profile and cellular localization of carbonic anhydrase C (carbonate dehydratase; carbonate hydro-lyase, EC 4.2.1.1) in the neural retina of chicken embryos and adults were investigated by immunochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Carbonic anhydrase C is present in the retina by the 3rd day of embryonic development. In the undifferentiated retina, it is detectable in vir...