In the title compound, [KGd(C(10)H(2)O(8))(H(2)O)(2)](n), the Gd(3+) ion is nine-coordinated by eight O atoms from five individual benzene-1,2,4,5-tetra-carboxyl-ate (btec) ligands and one water mol-ecule, and the K(+) ion is eight-coordinated by six O atoms from five individual btec ligands and two water mol-ecules. In the crystal, the btec half-mol-ecules are completed by crystallographic inv...

In the title compound, [Ca(C(2)H(6)OS)(6)][W(6)O(19)], the cation and anion both have a crystallographically imposed centre of symmetry. The Ca(II) atom in the cation is coordinated by six O atoms from six dimethyl sulfoxide ligands in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. The [W(6)O(19)](2-) isopolyanion possesses the well-known Lindqvist structure in which each W(VI) atom is coordinated by four μ...

We argue that in strongly correlated electron system collective instanton excitations of the phase field (dual to the charge) arise with a great degree of stability, governed by gauge flux changes by an integer multiple of 2π. By unraveling consequences of the non-trivial topology of the charge gauge U(1) group, we found that the pinning of μ and the zero-temperature divergence of charge compre...

Monte Carlo simulations of the 3+1 dimensional NJL model are performed with baryon chemical potential μ > 0. For μ ∼ Σ0, the constituent quark mass in vacuum, chiral symmetry is restored and a diquark condensate 〈qq+〉 forms. We analyse the fermion propagator and find evidence for particle-hole mixing in the vicinity of the Fermi surface and an energy gap ∆ > 0, both of which provide evidence fo...

We use symmetry analysis and first-principles calculations to show that the linear magnetoelectric effect can originate from the response of orbital magnetic moments to the polar distortions induced by an applied electric field. Using LiFePO(4) as a model compound we show that spin-orbit coupling partially lifts the quenching of the 3d orbitals and causes small orbital magnetic moments (μ((L)) ...

The title complex, [Mg(3)(CHO(2))(3)(C(9)H(3)O(6))(C(3)H(7)NO)(3)](n), exhib-its a two-dimensional structure parallel to (001), which is built up from the Mg(II) atoms and bridging carboxyl-ate ligands (3 symmetry). The Mg(II) atom is six-coordinated by one O atom from a dimethyl-formamide mol-ecule, two O atoms from two μ(6)-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxyl-ate ligands and three O atoms from three μ(...

Two decades ago, Gribov pointed out a possible mechanism of colour confinement in Coulomb gauge or Landau gauge QCD via infrared divergence of the Faddeev-Popov ghost propagator. At nearly the same time, Kugo and Ojima proposed a criterion for the absence of coloured massless asymptoptic states in Landau gauge QCD using the BRST symmetry. We study the confinement signal in the gluon propagator,...

There are many ways to measure the dispersion of a random variable. One such method uses the concept of peakedness. If the random variable X is symmetric about a point μ, then Birnbaum (1948) defined the function Pμ(x) = P (|X − μ| ≤ x), x ≥ 0, as the peakedness of X. If two random variables, X and Y , are symmetric about the points μ and ν, respectively, then X is said to be less peaked than Y...

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Cd(NCS)2(CH3CN)] n , consists of one Cd(II) cation, two thio-cyanate anions and one aceto-nitrile ligand, all in general positions. The Cd(II) cation is coordinated by three N atoms of two thio-cyanate anions and one aceto-nitrile ligand, as well as three S atoms of symmetry-related thio-cyanate anions within a slightly distorted octa-hedral coordinat...