The present study introduces an adaptive calculation of approximate entropy (ApEn) by exploiting sample-by-sample construction and update of nearest neighborhoods in an n-dimensional space. The algorithm is first validated with a standard numerical test set. It is then applied to electrocardiogram R wave interval (RR) and beat-to-beat intracranial pressure signals recorded from 12 patients unde...

BACKGROUND Measurements of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) using bedside ultrasound (US) have been shown to correlate with clinical and radiologic signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). OBJECTIVES Previous literature has identified 5 mm as the ONSD measurement above which patients exhibit either clinical or radiologic signs of elevated ICP. The goals of this study...

Sato, Yoshikazu, and George J. Christ. Differential ICP responses elicited by electrical stimulation of medial preoptic area. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 278: H964–H970, 2000.—Recent findings indicate a complex role for the medial preoptic area (MPOA) in modulating penile erection. To further investigate this important area we measured changes in intracavernous pressure (ICP) elicited ...

BACKGROUND The Brain Trauma Foundation (BTF) recommends intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 8 or less, and an abnormal brain computed tomography. However, benefits of ICP monitoring have not been documented. We hypothesized that BTF criteria for ICP monitoring in blunt TBI do not identify patients who are likely to ben...

CONTEXT Although osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is used to manage myriad conditions, there has been some hesitation regarding the safety of applying OMT to patients with intracranial injuries or elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). OBJECTIVE To assess the safety of two OMT techniques--pedal pump and thoracic pump--on ICP and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) in patients with trauma...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine if patients with nontraumatic causes of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) could be identified by ultrasound measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD). It was hypothesized that an ONSD greater than or equal to 5 mm would identify patients with elevated ICP. METHOD This was a prospective observational trial comparing ONSD with ICP ...

BACKGROUND Ultrasonograpic retrobulbar optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurement is considered to be an alternative noninvasive method to estimate intracranial pressure,but the further validation is urgently needed. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of the ultrasonographic ONSD and intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients. METHODS One hundred and ten patients...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hypertonic saline in stroke patients with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) after conventional therapy with mannitol had failed. METHODS Twenty-two episodes of ICP crisis occurred in 8 patients in whom the standard treatment of 200 mL of 20% mannitol was not effective. ICP crisis was defined as an increase in ICP ...

PURPOSE To study the circadian (24-hour) change in intracranial pressure (ICP) in conscious, freely moving rats and to project the circadian change in translaminar pressure difference. METHODS Telemetric pressure transmitters were implanted to monitor ICP in the lateral ventricle in nine light-dark-entrained Sprague-Dawley rats. ICP and locomotor activity data were collected. The mean results...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate hemodynamics in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) after cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) management using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage. METHODS Twenty-six patients with TBI (Glasgow Coma Score = 8 or less) were investigated. Mean arterial blood pressure, CPP, cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), and central venous pressure...