C —¿ > T transitions at CpG sites are the most prevalent mutations found in the p53 tumor suppressor gene in human colon tumors and in the germline (Li-Fraumeni syndrome). All of the mutational hot spots are methylated to 5-methylcytosine, and it has been hypothesized that the majority of these mutations are caused by spontaneous hydrolytic deamination of this base to thymine. We have previou...

Cocoa butter was crystallized statically from the melt to various temperatures in the range of -20 to 26 °C and annealed for up to 45 days. During this period, the polymorphism of the solid state was monitored using differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction. Moreover, the microstructure of the materials was imaged using polarized light microscopy. Below -15 °C, a mixture of...

ofthe various factors that go into the computation better; it also segregates the least reliable and error-prone model-dependent components into terms that can be identified and minimized. Regional cerebral glucose utilization is calcu lated as: IT C@†• (T) †" K'I' I C@(t) e@ +k@)(Tt) dt JO (IfTC(t) fTC@(t) e@ +k@)(Tt) dt)-@-dt-i; 0 @ 0 Eq.! where C@' represents total concentration of ‘4C...

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Hilbert Space of a Single Fermionic Mode A single bosonic mode is equivalent to a harmonic oscillator; the relation [â, â†] = 1 gives rise to an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space spanning states |n〉 for n = 0, 1, 2, 3, . . . ,∞. A single fermionic mode is different — its Hilbert space spans just two states, |0〉 and |1〉. In accordance with the Fermi statistics, multiple quanta in the same mode ...

A new notion of probability logical consequence is introduced. Given a probability algebra of propositions hL, P i, proposition ψ of L is called probability logical consequence of φ1 ∈ L and φ2 ∈ L (written φ1,φ2 ° ψ) iff P (ψ |φ1∧φ2 ) > max {P (ψ |φ1 ) , P (ψ |φ2 )}. A new definition of stochastic transitivity is put forward in terms of probability logical consequence. An empirical binary rela...

â Novel method creates cases independent of the knowledge acquisition process â Such a creative approach is not doomed to reimplement incorrect knowledge possibly contained in the knowledge base, but may detect it â The morphing method is not performed as a single run but is an iterative process in order to achieve a sufficient test case coverage â Evaluation with medical consultation system: s...

We show using duality and category theory that the profinite completion  of a bounded distributive lattice expansion A is a homomorphic image of the canonical extension Aσ . Moreover the natural mapping μ : A →  can be extended to a surjection ν : Aσ ! Â.

The discovery of a novel cytosine nucleoside, â-D-2′,3′-didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxy-5-fluorocytidine (D-D4FC), as a potent antihuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) agent led us to synthesize a series of analogues and derivatives of â-D-D4FC that could be more selective and also possess increased glycosidic bond stability. The synthesized D-D4FC analogues were evaluated for antiHIV-1 activity, antican...

A number of reports have described the occurrence of liver cell adenomas in women using oral contraceptives. Circum stantial evidence derived from human and early experimental animal data, together with the recent report of Taper [Cancer (Phila.), 42: 462-467, 1978], suggests that oral contraceptive steroids may be liver tumor promoters. The objective of this study was to determine whether the ...