Real-time monitoring of water quality for sewer system is required for efficient sewer network design because it provides information on the precise loading of pollutant to wastewater treatment facilities and the impact of loading on receiving water. In this study, synchronous fluorescence spectra and its first derivatives were investigated using a number of wastewater samples collected in sewe...

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) has been shown to be an important variable in water quality management and planning. However, BOD is difficult to measure and needs longer time periods (5 days) to get results. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are being used increasingly to predict and forecast water resource variables. The objective of this research was to develop an ANNs model to estimate dail...

Bangalore city hosts two Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants (UWTPs) towards the periphery of Vrishabhavathi valley, located in Nellakedaranahalli village of Nagasandra and Mailasandra Village, Karnataka, India. These plants are designed and constructed with an aim to manage wastewater so as to minimize and/or remove organic matter, solids, nutrients, disease-causing organisms and other pollutant...

The key characteristics of multicopper oxidases are redox potentials of Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3 copper centers of enzymes. However, there is still a challenge to obtain a value of the redox "signature" of the enzymes. In this study, the electrochemical behavior of T1 and T2/T3 redox copper centers of bilirubin oxidase (BOD) from the fungi Myrothecium verrucaria was studied based on direct bio...

Quantitative assessments of the health status of a population are essential to make decisions and set priorities in the field of public health. Changing epidemiologic patterns increase the demand for comprehensive estimates of population health across the full health spectrum, including non-communicable diseases and injuries. Burden of disease (BoD) analysis has helped meet this need. With the ...

OBJECTIVES Transcatheter closure of a secundum atrial septal defect (ASD II) has become an effective alternative for surgical treatment. In this study we evaluated the correlation between the two-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiographic (2D TEE) sizing of ASDs and the actual diameter of occluders in patients undergoing device closure. METHODS The records of 54 patients who underwent tra...

Background There have been no previous attempts to undertake a national burden of disease (BoD) study in South Africa. Only about 35 countries worldwide have initiated or completed BoD studies. Analyses of SA’s existing mortality data highlighted deficiencies in the death statistics, with under-registration and misclassification. In 1996, the latest year for which full cause of death data are a...

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is a widely used index of water-quality assessment. Since bioelectrochemical BOD biosensors require anaerobic conditions for anodic reactions, they are not directly used in aerobic environments such as aeration tanks. Normally, the BOD biosensors are closed-type, where the anode is packed inside a closed chamber to avoid exposure to oxygen. In this study, a novel...