BACKGROUND Although several echo-Doppler methods were proposed to optimize atrioventricular (AV) delay in patients with sequential ventricular pacing, "echo-guided" AV optimization has not been widely adopted clinically. A combination of trasmitral flow (TMF) and pulmonary venous flow (PVF) measurements may be beneficial to further optimize AV delay to achieve better cardiac function. The aim o...

We used an improved cryosectioning technique in combination with immunogold cytochemistry and morphometric analysis to study the convergence of the autophagic and endocytic pathways in isolated rat hepatocytes. The endocytic pathway was traced by continuous uptake of gold tracer for various time periods, up to 45 min, while the cells were incubated in serum-free medium to induce autophagy. Endo...

The Atharvaveda (AV) is by all accounts a curious compendium of medicine in its various stages of evolution and contains the most primitive as well as some of the most highly developed stages of therapy. In AV the word Brahma was used in the sense of Physician. The name Atharvan is almost synonymous with Bhesaja or medicine. The AV represents the charm system of the Ayurveda of the Vedic age. T...

Background. The aim of this study was to investigate whether different haemofilter surface areas affect clotting and platelet consumption in critically ill patients undergoing continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF). Methods. CVVHDF was performed in postdilution technique using a capillary haemofilter with two different membrane sizes, Ultraflux AV 1000S (n = 17, surface 1.8 m(2), vol...

Typically-developing (TD) infants can construct unified cross-modal percepts, such as a speaking face, by integrating auditory-visual (AV) information. This skill is a key building block upon which higher-level skills, such as word learning, are built. Because word learning is seriously delayed in most children with neurodevelopmental disorders, we assessed the hypothesis that this delay partly...

Audiovisual (AV) speech integration of auditory and visual streams generally ends up in a fusion into a single percept. One classical example is the McGurk effect in which incongruent auditory and visual speech signals may lead to a fused percept different from either visual or auditory inputs. In a previous set of experiments, we showed that if a McGurk stimulus is preceded by an incongruent A...

PURPOSE To evaluate glomerular injury in the rat model during renal warm ischemia (WI), comparing artery and vein (AV) clamping with artery only (AO) clamping. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four adult male rats underwent 60 minutes of renal WI in the left kidney. The animals were divided into three groups: AV clamping, AO clamping, and Sham surgery. After 30 days, the animals were euthanized, ...

To characterize the sequence of retrograde atrial activation in the presence of dual atrioventricular (AV) nodal pathways, we analyzed electrophysiologic data from seven patients in whom discontinuous AV nodal and ventriculoatrial conduction curves could be induced with programmed electrical stimulation. In all patients, electrograms of the high right atrium (HRA), lateral right atrium (LRA), l...

Complete heart block was produced in eight dogs by the selective perfusion of physostigmine or neostigm into the atrioventricular (AV) node artery. A characteristic escape AV junctional rhythm emerged in each dog. After reversal of the cholinesterase paralysis with atropine, in each dog partial heart block was produced by an incision into the AV nodal region. In three of these eight dogs, a sec...

The aim of the study was to examine the variability of the azygos vein system and to determine the location of the veins with reference to the vertebral midline and the skeletopy of their termination. The research material consisted of 32 human foetuses (14 male, 18 female) from 21(st) to 24(th) week of intrauterine life, fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution. Conventional anatomical - radiogr...