To assess the clinical significance of minimal residual disease (MRD) detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) we analyzed samples from 26 patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) who had undergone bone marrow transplantation (BMT) at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. The BCL-1/IgH translocation and clonally rearranged Ig heavy chain genes (IgH) provided molecular markers for detection and ...

BACKGROUND Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of cancer in children and adolescents, accounting for 30% of all cases of malignancy in this age group. The cure rate of ALL is now above 80%. The clinical and biological characteristics of ALL that have been studied to date are of limited use in predicting the individual response. Newly developed methods for the assessment o...

A 67-year-old male had suffered from eye movement disturbance from Graves’ orbitopathy. His right eye was fixed in an esotropic position. Examination by synoptophore showed that his right eye deviation was 22 degrees medially. The upper eyelid margin reflex distance (MRD) was 3.5 mm OD and 5.6 mm OS, and the lower eyelid MRD was 5.1 mm OU. Six mm medial rectus muscle recession with tenotomy was...

Mitomycin C (MC) is a potent anticancer agent. Streptomyces lavendulae, which produces MC, protects itself from the lethal effects of the drug by expressing several resistance proteins. One of them (MRD) binds MC and functions as a drug exporter. We report the crystal structure of MRD and its complex with an MC metabolite, 1,2-cis-1-hydroxy-2,7-diaminomitosene, at 1.5 A resolution. The drug is ...

In this paper we define and study a family of codes which come close to be MRD codes, so we call them AMRD codes (almost MRD). An AMRD code is a code with rank defect equal to 1. AMRD codes whose duals are AMRD are called dually AMRD. Dually AMRD codes are the closest to the MRD codes given that both they and their dual codes are almost optimal. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the codes...

Stereo-matching solutions minimize disparity relative to the horopter (minimum-absolute-disparity or MAD), and differences in disparity between adjacent features (minimum-relative-disparity or MRD). When placed in conflict, spatial proximity promotes MRD over MAD solutions. How does temporal proximity of neighboring features affect strength of these spatial interactions? We quantified the inter...

A fundamental understanding of protein stability and the mechanism of denaturant action must ultimately rest on detailed knowledge about the structure, solvation, and energetics of the denatured state. Here, we use (17)O and (2)H magnetic relaxation dispersion (MRD) to study urea-induced denaturation of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP). MRD is among the few methods that can provid...

Patients diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) do not necessarily have to undergo intensive treatment. The implementation of the therapy depends on patient condition and the form of CLL which is determined using predictive and prognostic factors. Both indolent and aggressive forms of CLL should be monitored. To improve survival and the quality of life it is very important to know ho...

We aimed to improve the outcome of t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the first complete remission (CR1) by applying risk-directed therapy based on minimal residual disease (MRD) determined by RUNX1/RUNX1T1 transcript levels. Risk-directed therapy included recommending allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for high-risk patients and chemotherapy/autologous-HSCT (au...

PURPOSE This study compared outcomes in children with acute leukemia who underwent transplantations with umbilical cord blood (UCB), bone marrow, or peripheral blood stem cells from a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched related donor (MRD) or an unrelated donor (URD). METHODS This retrospective study included consecutive acute leukemia patients who underwent their first allogeneic hematopoi...