هدف از این پژوهش اعتبار سنجی پرسشنامه جدید ۴ عاملی سیستم خود انگیزشی زبان دوم بعنوان یکی عوامل تاثیرگذار بر یادگیری انگلیسی بوده است. در تحقیق طرح پیمایشی به شیوه ی الگوی معادلات ساختاری نوع تحلیل تأییدی استفاده شده تعداد ۵۹۹ نفر (۳۰۸ دانشجوی خانم و ۲۹۱ آقا) سطح پیش متوسطه رده سنی ۲۵-۱۸سال که دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی – واحد تهران شرق رشته های مختلف تحصیلی مشغول تحصیل می باشند، شرکت کردند. آنجائیکه ا...

The macrophage-derived cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) can provide a second signal with antigen to elicit production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) by helper T cells. The pathway(s) involved remains controversial, with protein kinase C and cyclic AMP (cAMP) invoked as possible second messengers. In the murine thymoma EL4.E1, IL-1 could synergize with the phosphoinositide pathway, because the cells made ...

2-Arachidonyl-glycerol (2-Ara-Gl) recently was identified as a putative endogenous ligand for cannabinoid receptor types CB1 and CB2 by competitive binding. More recent immune function assays demonstrated that 2-Ara-Gl possessed immunomodulatory activity. Because several plant-derived cannabinoids inhibit interleukin-2 (IL-2) expression, 2-Ara-Gl was investigated for its ability to modulate thi...

BACKGROUND Many studies have shown that regional anesthesia improves postoperative outcome and particularly lessens infection by attenuating perioperative immunosuppression related to the stress response to surgery and general anesthesia. However, it remains to be determined whether regional anesthesia improves oncologic outcome after surgery. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were subjected to laparotomy...

Calreticulin is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone that displays lectin activity and contributes to the folding pathways for nascent glycoproteins. Calreticulin also participates in the reactions yielding assembly of peptides onto nascent MHC class I molecules. By chemical and immunological criteria, we identify calreticulin as a peptide-binding protein and provide data indicating that cal...

The absorption and fluorescence properties of curcumin were used, to study its average binding constants with phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes. The liposomal vehicle was examined for the delivery of curcumin to spleen lymphocyte cells, EL4 lymphoma cells and compared with aqueous DMSO vehicles. From these studies it was found that liposomal vehicle is capable of loading more curcumin in to ce...