BACKGROUND Studies of unconventional gas development (UGD) and preterm birth (PTB) have not presented risk estimates by well development phase or trimester. OBJECTIVE We examined phase and trimester-specific associations between UGD activity and PTB. METHODS We conducted a case-control study of women with singleton births in the Barnett Shale area, Texas, from 30 November 2010 to 29 Novembe...

Airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) topographic data provide highly accurate digital terrain information, which is used widely in applications like creating flood insurance rate maps, forest and tree studies, coastal change mapping, soil and landscape classification, 3D urban modeling, river bank management, agricultural crop studies, etc. In this paper, we focus mainly on the use of L...

With the continuous progress of human production and life, air quality has become the focus of attention. In this paper, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong and Henan provinces were taken as the study area, where there are 58 air quality monitoring stations from which daily and monthly data are obtained. Firstly, the temporal characteristics of the air quality index (AQI) are explored. Th...

This study was carried out to evaluate the capability of a combined fuzzy-analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method for soil fertility evaluation of common bean in Shiraz, Iran. A set of membership functions was constructed to represent the soil fertility classes, which were derived from 50 field samples collected through a purposive sampling approach. Seven soil parameters including phosphorus (...

هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحلیل و بررسی پیامدهای شبکه‌سازی سیاسی در نظام سیاست‌گذاری سازمان‌های دولتی استان لرستان انجام پذیرفت.طراحی/ روش‌­شناسی/ رویکرد : دارای رویکردی آمیخته است که از نظر هدف، کاربردی حیث ماهیت روش، توصیفی پیمایشی است. مشارکت‌کنندگان را مدیران تشکیل می­‌دهند استفاده اصل کفایت نظری روش نمونه­‌گیری هدفمند 16 نفر آنان به عنوان اعضای نمونه انتخاب شدند. بخش کیفی برای گردآوری داده مص...

هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر، ساخت و اعتبار­سنجی سیاهه آسیب‌شناسی روانشناختی نوجوانان در فضای مجازی بود. روش: روش آمیخته اکتشافی (کیفی-کمی) بدین منظور با استفاده از تحلیل مضمون مقالات مصاحبه‌های انجام‌شده متخصصان فعال مجازی، آسیب­ ها شناسایی شدند بر اساس آن ­ای ساخته شد. جامعه آماری بخش کیفی شامل مقالات، اساتید دانشگاه­ های اراک، اصفهان، امام خمینی قزوین شهر اراک بودند که نمونه هدفمند آنها انتخاب کمی بو...

Near surface air temperature (NSAT) is a primary descriptor of terrestrial environmental conditions. In recent decades, many efforts have been made to develop various methods for obtaining spatially continuous NSAT from gauge or station observations. This study compared three spatial interpolation (i.e., Kriging, Spline, and Inversion Distance Weighting (IDW)) and two regression analysis (i.e.,...

A new simulation-optimization methodology is developed for cost-effective sampling network design associated with long-term monitoring of large-scale contaminant plumes. The new methodology is similar in concept to the one presented by Reed et al. (Reed, P.M., Minsker, B.S., Valocchi, A.J., 2000a. Cost-effective long-term groundwater monitoring design using a genetic algorithm and global mass i...

a watershed management program is usually based on the results of watershed modeling. accurate modeling results are decided by the appropriate parameters and input data. precipitation is the most important input for watershed modeling. precipitation characteristics usually exhibit significant spatial variation, even within small watersheds. therefore, properly describing the spatial variation o...

Abstract This article was conducted to perform a temporal and spatial analysis in order identify suitable climatic regions for tourism. We investigated tourism climate conditions Fars province from 2006 2016 using index (TCI). Also, modified inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation is applied generate the optimal pattern of TCI distribution. The relationship between accuracy critical IDW ...