Ovulation in mammals involves pulsatile release of GnRH from the hypothalamus into the hypophyseal portal system with subsequent release of LH from the anterior pituitary into systemic circulation. Elevated circulating concentrations of LH induce a cascade of events within the mature follicle, culminating in follicle rupture and evacuation. The broad classification of species as either spontane...

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BACKGROUND Predisposing factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) include experiencing a traumatic event, threat of injury or death, and untreated pain. Ketamine, an anesthetic, is used at low doses as part of a multimodal anesthetic regimen. However, since ketamine is associated with psychosomatic effects, there is a concern that ketamine may increase the risk of developing PTSD. This s...

BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the "signature injury" in the Afghanistan and Iraq wars [Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan (OEF)/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF)]. Patients with combat-related TBI also have high rates of psychiatric disturbances and pain. OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of TBI alone and TBI with other conditions and the average cost of medical care for ...

BACKGROUND Burns comprise 5% of casualties evacuated from Operations Iraqi and Enduring Freedom (OIF and OEF). Many OIF/OEF burns result from the enemy's detonation of explosives. We reviewed these to evaluate mission impact and provide recommendations for improved combat burn protection. Data were compared to those from the Vietnam War. METHODS All OIF/OEF patients with significant burns are...

● Exploring the Relationship between mTBI Exposure and the Presence and Severity of Postconcussive Symptoms among Veterans Deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan. ● The effect of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness on therapists' assessment of patients' suicide risk. ● The therapeutic alliance as a predictor of outcome in dialectical behavior therapy versus nonbehavioral psychotherapy...

Sleep disturbances are among the most commonly endorsed symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Treatment modalities that are effective for the waking symptoms of PTSD may have limited efficacy for post-traumatic sleep problems. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence for empirically supported and/or utilized psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatments for post-traum...

S continued Hoge, C. W., McGurk, D., Thomas, J. l., Cox, A. l., Engel, C. C., &Castro, C. A. (2008). Mild traumatic brain injury in U.S. soldiersreturning from Iraq. New England Journal of Medicine, 358,453-463. We surveyed 2,525 U.S. Army infantry soldiers 3 to 4months after their return from a year-long deployment to Iraq. Of2,525 soldiers, 124 (4.9%) reported injuries wit...