This paper considers two methods for pricing assets and examines the relations between them. The +rst method is based on the principle of no-arbitrage, which asserts that introduction of the new asset should not create an arbitrage in a market that was before arbitrage free. This condition is satis+ed by prices for the new asset between speci+c lower and upper limits, determined as the values o...

The reaction of barium chloride with 2, 6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid in water led to the formation of a novelpolymeric complex formulated as {[Ba2(Hpydc)2(pydc)(H20)3].H20.(H2pydc)}.(I). The crystal structure of (I)was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction method. The complex was crystallized in the monoclinicsystem with space group P2/c, with four molecule in unit-cell, e.g Z=4. The...

We develop a model to study the implications of a legal environment on the organization of software production. We show that contract enforcement a®ects the organizational mode (i.e., in-house versus outsourcing) of customized software development while copyright protection determines the introduction of package software. When copyright protection is weak, only customized software will be devel...

Standard economic analysis holds that labor market rigidities are harmful for job creation and typically increase unemployment. But many orthodox reforms of the labor market have proved di±cult to implement because of political opposition. For these reasons it is important to explain why we observe such regulations. In this paper I outline a theory of how they may arise and why they ̄t together...

Context. Observations with the Hinode spectro-polarimeter have revealed strong horizontal internetwork magnetic fields in the quiet solar photosphere. Aims. We aim at interpreting the observations by means of results from numerical simulations. Methods. Radiative MHD simulations of dynamo action by near-surface convection are analyzed with respect to the relation between vertical and horizontal...

The effects of F, B203 and P205 on the H 2 0 solubility in a haplogranite liquid (36wt .% SiO2, 39 wt. % NaA1Si3Os, 25 wt. % KAISi3Os) have been determined at 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 kb and 800, 850, and 900 ~ The H20 solubility increases with increasing F and B content of the melt. The H 2 0 solubility increase is more important at high pressure (2 and 3 kb) than at low pressure (0.5 kb). At 2 kb and...

Abstract Derived from Cinchona tree bark, quinine was first found to be beneficial health by indigenous Amazonian peoples. Seventeenth-century Jesuit missionaries sent the bark and seeds back Europe, where word of its therapeutic properties spread. Quinine promoted as an antiseptic treatment for a range ailments 1600s onward, including septicaemia, erysipelas scarlet fever. The dermatological r...