this paper presents the application of multivariate time series model (ardl) to investigate factors affecting bread waste and to explore the relationships among shortrun, longrun and error correction coefficient and the independent variables over the period 1978-2006. results reveal that gross national product and urbanization have positive effects on bread waste in the long term, while the bre...

This paper considers two methods for pricing assets and examines the relations between them. The +rst method is based on the principle of no-arbitrage, which asserts that introduction of the new asset should not create an arbitrage in a market that was before arbitrage free. This condition is satis+ed by prices for the new asset between speci+c lower and upper limits, determined as the values o...

We develop a model to study the implications of a legal environment on the organization of software production. We show that contract enforcement a®ects the organizational mode (i.e., in-house versus outsourcing) of customized software development while copyright protection determines the introduction of package software. When copyright protection is weak, only customized software will be devel...

Standard economic analysis holds that labor market rigidities are harmful for job creation and typically increase unemployment. But many orthodox reforms of the labor market have proved di±cult to implement because of political opposition. For these reasons it is important to explain why we observe such regulations. In this paper I outline a theory of how they may arise and why they ̄t together...

Context. Observations with the Hinode spectro-polarimeter have revealed strong horizontal internetwork magnetic fields in the quiet solar photosphere. Aims. We aim at interpreting the observations by means of results from numerical simulations. Methods. Radiative MHD simulations of dynamo action by near-surface convection are analyzed with respect to the relation between vertical and horizontal...

Sleep disorder is one of the prominent manifestations Angelman syndrome. The exact causes are unknown and methods correction difficult. literature review devoted to studies pathogenesis sleep disorders in syndrome (the effects gene function 15q11–q13 deletion, findings polysomnography, video-EEG monitoring, laboratory data), on basis which recommendations for dyssomnia, including behavioral the...

We report two cases of acute myeloid leukemia (M1 and M5B subtypes) with a similar translocation, t(3;11)(q21;q13). We discuss the involvement of these breakpoints in acute leukemia and their putative clinical implications.

The recessive oncogene cylindromatosis (CYLD) mapping on 16q12-q13 is generally implicated in familial cylindromatosis, whereas a gene region for multiple familial trichoepithelioma has been assigned to 9p21. Markers from both chromosome intervals were subjected to linkage analysis in a large family with multiple hereditary trichoepithelioma (TE) from Algeria. Linkage to 9p21 was excluded, wher...

Refractory anaemia with ring sideroblasts and marked thrombocytosis (RARS-T) is a provisional entity in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. It displays features characteristic of both myelodysplastic syndrome and myeloproliferative neoplasia plus ring sideroblasts ≥15% and marked thrombocytosis. Most patients with RARS-T show a normal karyotype. We report a 76-year-old woman dia...