Precise assessment of drought and its impact on the natural ecosystem is an arduous task in regions with limited climatic observations due to sparsely distributed situ stations, especially hyper-arid region Kingdom Saudi Arabia (KSA). Therefore, this study investigates application remote sensing techniques monitor compare sensing-retrieved indices (RSDIs) standardized meteorological index (Stan...

The matrix converter (MC) is a direct ac–ac power featuring high density and efficiency. However, the conventional MC (CMC) topologies require control complexity transistor capacity, hindering wide applications. An emerging topology (3CI-MC) based on third-harmonic current injection (3CI) reduces complexity, but requires more transistors complex clamping circuit. This article proposes trapezoid...

The Teladorsagia circumcincta P-glycoprotein-9 (Tci-pgp-9) gene has previously been implicated in multiple-anthelmintic resistance in this parasite. Here we further characterise genetic diversity in Tci-pgp-9 and its possible role in ivermectin (IVM) and multi-drug resistance using two UK field isolates of T. circumcincta, one susceptible to anthelmintics (MTci2) and the other resistant to most...

This systematic literature review maps the evidence for the effectiveness of the therapeutic community interventions (TCI) in reducing re-arrest, re-incarceration or drug misuse following release from prison, including the extent to which these effects are retained over time. The databases searched for the review included PsychINFO, Medline and Scopus and reference lists from relevant articles ...

Topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCI) are a relatively new class of drugs used in dermatology. There are two drug forms available - tacrolimus 0.03% or 0.1% ointment and 1.0% pimecrolimus cream. The drugs act by inhibiting synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. The only approved indication for using TCI is treatment of atopic dermatitis. The TCI may be used as an alternative therapy to corticos...

Transcutaneous immunization (TCI), the application of vaccines on the skin, induces robust systemic and mucosal antibodies in animal models and in humans. The means by which mucosal immune responses to vaccine antigens are elicited by TCI has not been well characterized. We examined the effect of TCI with an HIV peptide vaccine on the induction of mucosal and systemic CTL responses and protecti...

BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a technique used both for diagnosis and for the treatment of biliary and pancreatic diseases. ERCP has some anesthetic implications and specific complications. The primary outcome aim was to compare two protocols in terms of time of extubation. We also compared anesthetic protocols in terms of hemodynamic and respiratory instab...

The aim of the present study was to assess the validity of tooth-coronal index (TCI) in the age estimation. This retrospective charts review was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi from January 2016 to March 2016, and comprised 315 teeth of 80 individuals. The teeth were analysed on Orthopantomogram. TCI was calculated for unrestored mandibular premolars and molars. Pearson\\...

BACKGROUND This study evaluates the effectiveness of the target-controlled infusion (TCI) of remifentanil through stepwise increases in the effect-site concentration (C(eff)) in preventing coughs. METHODS In a preliminary study, we randomly selected 140 patients to receive remifentanil through two-step increases in C(eff) (1.0 ng/ml to 4.0 ng/ml: Group R(1-4); 2.0 ng/ml to 4.0 ng/ml: Group R(...

BACKGROUND Most patients experience some degree of pain during extracorporeal shock waves lithotripsy (ESWL). AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of target-controlled infusion (TCI) of remifentanil or sufentanil and patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with sufentanil or morphine for pain relief during ESWL. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a double blind, randomized clinical trial, ...